A climatology of vessel icing for the subpolar North Atlantic Ocean

Moore, G. W. K.

doi:10.1002/joc.3604

Cited by 9 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…From a regional perspective they tend to be multi‐day events that can bring snow to populated areas. Moreover, they are known to be associated with lightning that affects aviation safety (Wilkinson et al , 2013) and icing conditions that create hazards for marine vessels (Moore, 2013). They are a challenge to km‐scale models because the boundary layer is shallow, but the horizontal open‐ and closed‐cell mesoscale structures associated with the cold air outbreak can reach scales up to almost 100 km.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the convective grey zone with regional simulations of a cold air outbreak

Field

Brožková²,

Chi

et al. 2017

Quart J Royal Meteoro Soc

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Cold air outbreaks can bring snow to populated areas and can affect aviation safety. Shortcomings in the representation of these phenomena in global and regional models are thought to be associated with large systematic cloud‐related radiative flux errors across many models. In this study, nine regional models have been used to simulate a cold air outbreak case at a range of grid spacings (1–16 km) with convection represented explicitly or by a parametrization. Overall, there is more spread between model results for the simulations in which convection is parametrized when compared to simulations in which convection is represented explicitly. The quality of the simulations of both the stratocumulus and the convective regions of the domain are assessed with observational comparisons 24 h into the simulation. The stratocumulus region is not well reproduced by the models, which tend to predict open cell convection with increasing resolution rather than stratocumulus. For the convective region the model spread reduces with increased resolution and there is some improvement in comparison to observations. Comparing models that have the same physical parametrizations or dynamical core suggest that both are important for accurately reproducing this case.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the convective grey zone with regional simulations of a cold air outbreak

Field

Brožková²,

Chi

et al. 2017

Quart J Royal Meteoro Soc

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“…To the best of the authors' knowledge, there are limited research works on the climatology of spray icing in the Arctic waters, including References [14,24,25]. However, even these works are developed based on either gridded global marine data sets with course resolution, or input from land stations (e.g., in 1988, Løset et al [25] use Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set (COADS) with at least 1 × 1 latitude/longitude and input from Bjørnøya and Slettnes) or icing models that have limited verification against observations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The use of materials and higher energy conception for anti-icing purposes increases design and operations costs, greenhouse gas emissions, and thus adversely impact design sustainability [8,13]. In this regard, the efficient planning of anti-icing and de-icing techniques requires detailed information on the potential icing rate in the region.However, the prediction of icing rate and forecasting icing events are challenging tasks due to, for instance, uncertainties related to accurately estimating the spray amount, complexity of modelling turbulent heat transfer between the atmosphere and wetted surfaces on the ship, complexity of precisely estimating brine salinity and, hence, the freezing temperature [1][2][3]9,14]. In addition, documented icing events required for model verification, as well as forecasting oceanographic and meteorological parameters that affect the spray-icing process, are also associated with a great deal of uncertainty.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the prediction of icing rate and forecasting icing events are challenging tasks due to, for instance, uncertainties related to accurately estimating the spray amount, complexity of modelling turbulent heat transfer between the atmosphere and wetted surfaces on the ship, complexity of precisely estimating brine salinity and, hence, the freezing temperature [1][2][3]9,14]. In addition, documented icing events required for model verification, as well as forecasting oceanographic and meteorological parameters that affect the spray-icing process, are also associated with a great deal of uncertainty.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Unprecedented Vessel-Icing Climatology Based on Spray-Icing Modelling and Reanalysis Data: A Risk-Based Decision-Making Input for Arctic Offshore Industries

Naseri

Samuelsen

2019

Atmosphere

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Marine icing is considered a major concern for vessels operating in the Arctic Ocean. Interaction between vessels and waves is the major source of sea spray that, under certain conditions, can lead to ice accretion on the vessels and thus create hazardous situations. Various models have been developed for the estimation of ice accretion rate using meteorological and oceanographic parameters. Various data sets are also available containing observations of spray icing events for different Arctic offshore regions. However, there is limited climatological information that can be used for providing decision-makers with the necessary information on optimal options and solutions in advance for assessing, managing, and mitigating the risks imposed by spray icing. In this study, a Marine-Icing model for the Norwegian Coast Guard (MINCOG) is adapted to study and analyze ice accretion on vessels operating in sea areas between Northern Norway and Spitsbergen, their temporal and spatial variations, as well as their statistical distributions over the region. This study uses NOrwegian ReAnalysis 10 km data (NORA10) of atmosphere and ocean parameters as input to the icing model from 1980 to 2012. The developed spray icing maps representing spatial and temporal variation of icing severity and spray-ice accretion rate, as well as the probability of the occurrence of icing events at different junctures and periods, can be used for risk-based decision-making tasks involved in industrial activities including shipping and offshore logistics operations in these sea areas.

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“…Additionally, it is widely used in several newer studies involving the topic of marine icing, e.g. climatology studies of icing in the Norwegian Sea, the Barents Sea and the Greenland Sea (Byrkjedal et al, 2011;Iden et al, 2012;Moore, 2013), in several master's theses in science and technology (Johansen, 2013;Sollid, 2013;Gemynthe, 2015;Pedersen, 2015) and in an American guide for ships operating in low temperatures (ABS -American Bureau of Shipping, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ship‐icing prediction methods applied in operational weather forecasting

Samuelsen

2018

Quart J Royal Meteoro Soc

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Sea‐spray wetting of ships operating in cold environments imposes a great safety risk, due to icing. For this reason, marine‐icing warnings have been a part of operational weather forecasting for the last five decades, yet verification of such warnings has only been done sparingly. This article evaluates different ship‐icing methods applied in operational weather forecasting. The methods are tested against a unique dataset from a single ship type from Arctic–Norwegian waters and two screened datasets from several ship types from Alaska and the east coast of Canada. Missing and uncertain parameters in the latter datasets are supplemented by reanalysis data from different sources. Continuous icing‐rate verification and sensitivity tests are presented for the physical icing models alongside categorical icing‐rate verification, which is applied in order also to evaluate icing nomograms, which are still used by several forecasting agencies. Furthermore, a newly proposed definition of the boundaries between icing‐rate severity categories is applied in the categorical verification procedure. The overall best verification scores for continuous and categorical icing rates are obtained by the Marine Icing model for the Norwegian COast Guard (MINCOG) and a physically based Overland model, updated from its initial version with more realistic heat transfer. Finally, sensitivity tests highlight that very low air and sea‐surface temperatures rarely occur over sea areas together with high waves, due to fetch limitations, even for strong winds. For this reason, models and nomograms that do not treat wind speed and wave height separately will provide inaccurate predictions of the icing rate in such areas. Consequently, it is preferable that methods applied in operational weather forecasting are replaced with methods capable of taking this effect into account.

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A climatology of vessel icing for the subpolar North Atlantic Ocean

Cited by 9 publications

References 29 publications

Exploring the convective grey zone with regional simulations of a cold air outbreak

Exploring the convective grey zone with regional simulations of a cold air outbreak

Unprecedented Vessel-Icing Climatology Based on Spray-Icing Modelling and Reanalysis Data: A Risk-Based Decision-Making Input for Arctic Offshore Industries

Ship‐icing prediction methods applied in operational weather forecasting

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