“…In support of the role of haemolysis as an important contributing mechanism in this disorder, pulmonary arterial hypertension is an increasingly recognized complication of other chronic hereditary and acquired haemolytic anaemias including thalassaemia intermedia and major (Aessopos et al , 1995, 2001; Koren et al , 1987; Grisaru et al , 1990; Jootar & Fucharoen, 1990; Du et al , 1997; Finazzo et al , 1998; Derchi et al , 1999; Merault et al , 2000; Zakynthinos et al , 2001; Hahalis et al , 2002; Littera et al , 2002; Taher et al , 2002; Atichartakarn et al , 2003), paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria (Heller et al , 1992; Uchida et al , 1998), hereditary spherocytosis and stomatocytosis (Verresen et al , 1991; Stewart et al , 1996; Hayag‐Barin et al , 1998; Jais et al , 2003; Murali et al , 2003; Jardine & Laing, 2004), microangiopathic haemolytic anaemias (Stuard et al , 1972; McCarthy & Staats, 1986; Jubelirer, 1991; Suzuki et al , 1997; Labrune et al , 1999; Fischer et al , 2000; Alvarez Navascues & Marin, 2001), pyruvate kinase deficiency (Chou & DeLoughery, 2001), and possibly malaria (Huchzermeyer, 1988; Saissy et al , 2003). Additionally, certain conditions are associated with both intravascular haemolysis and risk of pulmonary hypertension, such as schistosomiasis (Strauss et al , 1986; de Cleva et al , 2003), and iatrogenic haemolysis from mechanical heart valves (Kyllonen et al , 1976; Iwaki et al , 2003), left ventricular assist devices and cardiopulmonary bypass procedures (Takami et al , 1996; Chukwuemeka et al , 2000; Pierangeli et al , 2001; Gerrah et al , 2003; Philippidis et al , 2004).…”