A Clinical Investigation Into Uterine Prolapse With Stress Incontinence Treatment by Modified Manchester Colporrhaphy

Does levator ani injury affect cystocele type?

“…A Green type II has also been termed a cystourethrocele5 because the vaginal wall overlying the urethra and the bladder base forms a smooth surface. It has been hypothesized that Green type II represents a more profound weakening of the supports of the proximal urethra and the bladder neck5, 6. In Green type III (or isolated cystocele with an intact RVA), while the distal urethra retains a relatively normal urethral axis, the proximal urethra may rotate as much as in a cystourethrocele, resulting in urethral kinking.…”

“…Various authors have speculated that the main two types of cystocele, namely cystourethrocele (or Green type II) and cystocele with an intact RVA (or Green type III), may be caused by different anatomical situations (i.e. lateral vs. central fascial defects) 5,6 . The anatomical distinction between the two types of cystocele seems to have clinical validity and, in the view of the authors, is worthy of further investigation even though the Green classification has fallen into disuse.…”

A Comparison of Vaginal and Suprapubic Surgery in the Correction of Incontinence due to Urethral Sphincter Incompetence

“…Stress incontinence due to urethral sphincter incompetence is also conventionally treated by the anterior repair. Cure rates have usually been lower than for suprapubic operations (Bailey, 1954;Jeffcoate, 1967). The disadvantages of these series is the absence of pre-operative and post-operative objective assessment and only one procedure was studied in each report.…”

Is mid‐urethral placement of synthetic minimal access tapes important in stress urinary incontinence surgery?

“…In 1954, Bailey 3 from Manchester recognized that the outcome from women undergoing anterior vaginal repair, from the aspect of urinary control, varied according to the angulation between bladder base and urethra. He described Type 1 incontinence in which there was increased urethral mobility but the bladder base was well supported and Type 2 incontinence in which both the urethra and bladder base support was deficient.…”