A clinical study of hypertensive emergencies

Abstract

Background: Hypertensive crisis is characterized by high blood pressure that is highly likely to cause pressure against the arterial walls causing chronic cardiovascular diseases. It has caused higher mortality and morbidity rates in both adults and children in equal measures. Hypertensive emergency is scientifically believed to cause several vital organ failures. The current study aims to critically evaluate hypertensive emergencies and the spectrum of end-organ damage due to risk factors of hypertensive emergencies.Methods: This prospective study was conducted on 150 patients with a severe arterial blood pressure of >180/120 mmHg) admitted at Area hospital, Zaheerabad. The doctors performed a detailed medical and clinical examination on the patients to assess organ damage. 120 patients met the hypertensive emergency (HTN-E), while 30 patients met the hypertensive urgency (HTN-U).Results: Patients who reported signs of HTN-E were older adults who are more sedentary, highly intensive smokers, and non-adherent to all forms of hypertensive medications that those with HTN-U. Most of the HTC-U patients had a known history of hypertension than HTC-E. There is about 2% prevalence of hypertensive crisis while admitted at the ICU.Conclusions: Early assessment of the level of organ damage is key in regulating severe complications of hypertension.

Burden and outcomes of chronic kidney disease in patients presenting with hypertensive crisis

“…28 Retinopathy (55, 36.6%) was the most common complication from Zaheerabad, Telangana. 29 Deshmukh et al studied Nationwide Inpatient Sample data from 2000 through 2007 regarding hypertensive emergencies. The frequency of hospitalization increased by an average of 10%; blacks and females constituted a higher proportion of hospitalizations.…”

“…8-12, 27-29 Renal dysfunction was not evaluated in four studies. 8,11,12,29 Anitha et al studied 30 patients with acute severe hypertension and renal dysfunction who underwent renal biopsy. Six patients had preceding CKD (1/6 on MHD), and over the course of 10 years, 6/25 patients became dialysis dependent.…”

“…12 Outcomes in terms of mortality were not studied in the remaining four. [8][9][10]29 Sustained hypertension can lead to worsening kidney function, and a progressive decline in kidney function can lead to worsening blood pressure control. 4 The CKD group in this study had poorer blood pressure control and renal function at discharge and at the month follow-up when compared to the non-CKD group despite better compliance to anti-hypertensive therapy (Table 4).…”