A clinical trial of CTLA-4 blockade with tremelimumab in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and chronic hepatitis C

Sangro, Bruno; Gómez‐Martín, Carlos; Mata, Manuel de la; Iñarrairaegui, Mercedes; Garralda, Elena; Barrera, Pilar; Riezu-Boj, José Ignacio; Larrea, Esther; Alfaro, Carlos; Sarobe, Pablo; Lasarte, Juan José; Pérez-Gracia, José Luis; Melero, Ignacio; Prieto, Jesús

doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2013.02.022

Cited by 862 publications

(687 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…In a cohort of 21 patients, a disease control rate of 76% was observed. Notably, 45% and 25% of patients experienced >grade 3 elevation in aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase, respectively, peaking on cycle 1 between days 15‐30 and remaining elevated for approximately 45 days, the resolution of which occurred without corticosteroids 6. This time course stands in contrast to our patient, wherein maximal transaminase elevation occurred approximately 130 days after the initiation of pembrolizumab and remained elevated for a duration of approximately 75 days.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 76%

Distinct clinical and magnetic resonance features of metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma treated with pembrolizumab: A case report of late response after pseudoprogression

Grierson

Crites

Ruzinova

et al. 2017

Hepatology Communications

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There are few effective therapies for unresectable or metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma. Recent data have demonstrated efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade in this difficult to treat disease; however, clinical experience is limited. We report a case of hepatocellular carcinoma displaying pseudoprogression followed by a late response with novel magnetic resonance imaging features following treatment with the anti‐programmed cell death protein 1 agent pembrolizumab. (Hepatology Communications 2018;2:148–151)

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 76%

Distinct clinical and magnetic resonance features of metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma treated with pembrolizumab: A case report of late response after pseudoprogression

Grierson

Crites

Ruzinova

et al. 2017

Hepatology Communications

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“…A Phase II trial of the monoclonal antibody against CTLA-4 (tremelimumab) has been previously conducted and reported [41]. The study enrolled 21 patients and showed that treatment was well tolerated.…”

Section: Ctla-4mentioning

confidence: 99%

Rationally Combining Anti-VEGF Therapy with Checkpoint Inhibitors in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

2016

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Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a fatal disease with rising incidence in the world. For advanced HCC, sorafenib, a multikinase inhibitor, is the only systemic therapy with proven survival benefits. Sorafenib is a pan-VEGF receptor inhibitor, and thus many studies have focused its antivascular effects. But VEGF also acts as an immunosuppressive molecule. VEGF can inhibit maturation of dendritic cells, promote immune suppressive cell infiltration and enhance immune checkpoint molecules expression. On the other hand, potent VEGF inhibition may increase tumor hypoxia, which could hinder antitumor immunity or immunotherapy. Thus, achieving synergy when combining anti-VEGF therapy with immunotherapy may require proper polarization of the tumor microenvironment by dose titration or combination with other immunomodulating agents.

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“…TTP was 6.48 months (95% CI, 3.95-9.14) and a significant drop in viral load was observed. The most common grade III side effect was liver function test elevation (64).…”

Section: Tremelimumabmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systemic therapy for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: an update

Desai¹,

Ochoa²,

Prins³

et al. 2017

J. Gastrointest. Oncol.

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A clinical trial of CTLA-4 blockade with tremelimumab in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and chronic hepatitis C

Cited by 862 publications

References 32 publications

Distinct clinical and magnetic resonance features of metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma treated with pembrolizumab: A case report of late response after pseudoprogression

Distinct clinical and magnetic resonance features of metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma treated with pembrolizumab: A case report of late response after pseudoprogression

Rationally Combining Anti-VEGF Therapy with Checkpoint Inhibitors in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Systemic therapy for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: an update

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