A clinician's guide to gallstones and common bile duct (CBD): A study protocol for a systematic review and evidence‐based recommendations

Abstract

Background and AimsGallstones are one of the most common and costly diseases of the gastrointestinal tract and occur when a combination of deposits consisting of fat or minerals accumulate in the gallbladder or common bile duct (CBD). This paper provides a comprehensive review of gallstone epidemiology, diagnosis, and management, focusing on current clinical guidelines and evidence‐based approaches.MethodsA systematic literature review gathered information from various sources, including PubMed, Trip, Google Scholar, Clinical Key, and reputable medical association websites. Keywords related to gallstones, CBD stones, cholelithiasis, choledocholithiasis, and guidelines were used to extract relevant recommendations. Expert consultations and consensus meetings localized the recommendations based on the target population and available resources.ResultsThe paper discusses demographic factors, dietary habits, and lifestyle influences contributing to gallstone formation. Gallstones are categorized into cholesterol and pigment types, with varying prevalences across regions. Many individuals with gallstones remain asymptomatic, but complications can lead to serious and potentially life‐threatening conditions. Diagnosis relies on history, physical examination, laboratory tests, and transabdominal ultrasound. Specific predictive factors help categorize patients into high, moderate, or low probability groups for CBD stones.ConclusionEvidence‐based recommendations for gallstone diagnosis and management are presented, emphasizing individualized treatment plans. Surgical interventions, nonsurgical treatments like oral litholysis with UDCA, and stenting are discussed. The management of gallstones in pregnant women is also addressed, considering the potential risks and appropriate treatment options during pregnancy.

Higher levels of systemic immune-inflammatory index are associated with the prevalence of gallstones in people under 50 years of age in the United States: a cross-sectional analysis based on NHANES

“…The accuracy of transabdominal ultrasound in detecting gallstones is more than 95% (32). In this study, high SII score was found to be positively associated with gallstones risk in people under 50 years of age.…”

A Surgeon's Challenge: Diagnosing and Managing Hidden Bile Duct Stones Post-cholecystectomy

“…In recent years, the global incidence of gallbladder stones has seen a notable increase, attributed largely to dietary changes and improvements in quality of life [ 1 , 6 , 7 ]. Concurrently, the prevalence of choledocholithiasis, especially in the postoperative phase, has become a point of concern [ 1 ]. Our case highlights a patient who, following a seemingly successful LC, presented with symptoms indicative of bile duct obstruction.…”

“…In the realm of gallstone disease management, the post-cholecystectomy period poses unique challenges, particularly with the occurrence of hidden bile duct stones [ 1 ]. Despite the widespread adoption of laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) for its minimally invasive benefits, patients can still face significant postoperative complications, such as choledocholithiasis [ 2 ].…”

Обговорення Епідеміологічних, Клінічних, Діагностичних Аспектів Та Можливих Методів Лікування Мікрохоледохолітіазу

“…Серед пацієнтів із симптоматичною ЖКХ від 10% до 20% мають ХДЛ. До 15% хворих на ЖКХ мають ХДЛ, і майже у 10% ХДЛ не виявляється до операції [1,2,3,4,9,12,13,14,15,21,27,28,29,30].…”