A clock-sampling mutual network time-synchronization algorithm for wireless ad hoc networks

Rentel, Carlos H.; Kunz, Thomas

doi:10.1109/wcnc.2005.1424575

Cited by 22 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…As such, the non-hierarchical network synchronization scheme does not seem to meet the industry requirement of low-cost and simplicity. Another mutual network synchronization protocol, proposed in [15], was claimed by its authors to be compatible with 802.11 TSF and able to achieve good accuracy.…”

Section: Existing Synchronization Algorithmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the scalability of IEEE 802.11 ad-hoc-mode timing synchronization function

2007

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The IEEE 802.11 standards support the peer-topeer mode Independent Basic Service Set (IBSS), which is an ad hoc network with all its stations within each other's transmission range. In an IBSS, it is important that all stations are synchronized to a common clock. Synchronization is essential for the MAC layer power management. Also, if frequency hopping spread spectrum is used in the physical layer, synchronization is needed to ensure that all stations "hop" at the same time. This paper evaluates the synchronization mechanism as specified in the IEEE 802.11 standards. Through rigorous analysis, it is shown that when the number of stations in an IBSS is not very small, there is a non-negligible probability that stations may get out of synchronization. The more stations, the higher probability of asynchronism. In this sense, the current IEEE 802.11 synchronization algorithm does not scale; it cannot support a large-scale IBSS. To alleviate the asynchronism problem, this paper proposes a simple remedy to the 802.11 algorithm. The resulting algorithm enjoys many nice properties-it is compatible, scalable, effective, mobility-friendly and simple. We are able to exceed the industry expectation of time accuracy (maximum clock offset under 12 μs) without any change of beacon format.

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Section: Existing Synchronization Algorithmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the scalability of IEEE 802.11 ad-hoc-mode timing synchronization function

2007

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“…Clock-sampling mutual network synchronization (CSMNS): CSMNS [72] is a distributed and autonomous network synchronization approach. CSMNS does not depend on a centralized node to synchronize time nor does it depend on special circuitry to send continuous pulses.…”

Section: Synchronizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wireless sensor network survey

2008

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“…As in [14] we outline that NTS is one of the foundations over which mechanisms at all levels of the protocol stack can build better Quality of Service (QoS) solutions. The majority of Medium Access Control (MAC) protocols that try to satisfy the QoS requirements of real-time applications (e.g., voice, streaming video) utilize a slotted-time structure, assumed to be achievable through the atomic clocks located in the GPS satellite network.…”

Section: Synchronization Between Vcs and Rsumentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The more autonomous Timing Synchronization Function (TSF) of the IEEE 802.11 standard is an alternative. Several papers, like [14,15], propose distributed and autonomous network time-synchronization (NTS) approaches for the support of QoS-aware protocols in mobile wireless networks that make no use of master clocks external or internal to the network, and the exchange of timing information is performed through the periodic transmission of beacons compliant with IEEE 802.11. Due to the need of scalable and local NTS approaches, the beacon broadcasting and channel estimation phase of our protocol in Table 2 is also devoted to beacon signal synchronization, and exploits these decentralized local pulse strategies that let VCs align locally the timing of their packet transmissions.…”

Section: Synchronization Between Vcs and Rsumentioning

confidence: 99%