A clonal analysis of anthocyanin accumulation by cell cultures of wild carrot

Dougall, Donald K.; Johnson, J. Morris; Whitten, G. H.

doi:10.1007/bf00384569

Cited by 103 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The morphological heterogeneity of plant cell cultures is well known [10,13], and there are also several reports indicating a correlation between biochemical heterogeneity and the size of cell clusters. Mixtures of pigmented and non-pigmented cell groups have been reported [1,22], while enzyme activities [4,18], rates of protein synthesis, and the level of free amino acids [18] have also been found to vary with the degree of cell separation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

A new method for the production of fine plant cell suspension cultures

Morris

Fowler

1981

Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult

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Abstract. Fine, almost single cell, suspensions were produced from both existing suspension cultures containing large cell clumps and from chopped callus pieces by immobilizing the cells in 4-5 mm diameter calcium alginate beads. The immobilized cells continued to divide inside the beads and at the bead surface, and after 2-3 weeks' culture, fine cell suspensions were formed as a result of loss of the surface cells into the medium. After removal of the cell suspensions by filtration, subsequent culture of the beads in fresh medium resulted in the further production of homogeneous cell suspensions after 1-2 weeks. In this way an almost continuous supply of fine cell suspensions could be obtained from cultures containing large clumps of cells. The ceils produced by this method remained in this state for at least one culture period, although in some instances repeated subculture resulted in an increase in the size of cell groups. The technique has been successfully applied to the production of fine cell suspensions of Catharanthus roseus, Nicotiana tabacum and Daucus carota.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

A new method for the production of fine plant cell suspension cultures

Morris

Fowler

1981

Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult

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“…Later, Sievert and Hildebrandt (20) noted clonal variation for the ability to grow on various carbon sources with tobacco cultures. Others have isolated clones which vary in their ability to produce anthocyanin (7), grow in the presence of ABA (22,23), utilize urea as the only source of nitrogen (21), produce nicotine (18) and grow in the absence of growth regulators (14). Collectively, these studies essentially have shown that within a population of cultured cells there exist individuals with variant forms of a particular characteristic and are each able to pass on their own forms of the characteristic to their descendents.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Aside from the numerous observations and reports concerning the general subject of phenotypic variability associated with 'tissue cul- ture,' a number of investigators have demonstrated that clonal cell lines isolated from cultured plant (1,7,11,14,15,18,(21)(22)(23) and animal (19) cell populations exhibit considerable phenotypic variability. As early as 1958, Hildebrandt observed differences among cells for color, growth rate, texture, morphology, nutritional requirements, and susceptibility to virus (10).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clonal Variation for Tolerance to Polyethylene Glycol-Induced Water Stress in Cultured Tomato Cells

Handa¹,

Bressan²,

Handa³

et al. 1983

Plant Physiol.

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Cell clones were isolated from a population of cultured tomato (Lyeopersicon esculentum Mill cv VFNT-cherry) cells and their tolerance to polyethylene glycol (PEG)-induced water stress was measured. Considerable variation for tolerance among the clones was found. Tolerance differences between clones appeared to be spontaneous and were different from tolerance differences between adapted and unadapted cells. Unlike adapted (selected by exposure to PEG) cells, cell clones retained their relative tolerance for many generations in the absence of selection pressure, and tolerance of both relatively tolerant and intolerant clones was very dependent on growth cycle stage and inoculum density. Analysis of subelones isolated from relatively tolerant and intolerant parent clones revealed that each parent clone gives rise to progeny with tolerances near the mean tolerance of both parents. However, progeny populations of both tolerant and intolerant parents are enriched with individuals with phenotypes nearer the mean response of their respective parent populations. When exposed to PEG, relatively tolerant and intolerant clones alike become adapted to the level of PEG to which they are exposed, and have the same phenotypic level of tolerance. Thus, selection by exposure to stress is unable to discriminate (on the basis of growth) between the innately tolerant and intolerant cell types within the population. This is indicated also by the fact that clones isolated from a population of cells adjusted to growth on 25% PEG do not show an enriched frequency of tolerant phenotypes when grown in the absence of PEG compared to the nonselected normal cell population which has never been adjusted to growth on PEG.The use of plant cell cultures to obtain variants much akin to the selection of variants in bacterial cultures has been proposed and discussed in the literature for some time. In fact, many plant cell variants have been selected and these efforts have been reviewed (6, 12). The possibility of using plant cell cultures to obtain variants which would have practical application to agriculture is receiving increased attention. Among such agriculturally useful variants are stress-tolerant phenotypes which might be selected directly from cultured cell populations exhibiting spontaneous or induced variation, or might be obtained by the introduction of specific genetic information through genetic recombination technology and subsequent plant regeneration.In spite ofthe relative success ofselection attempts with cultured higher plant cells, there is little information concerning the genetic basis for much of the observed variation. Although it was assumed earlier that variation among cultured plant cells was due largely

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“…As an example, Ogino et al (1978) showed the necessity of several successive subclonings to select tobacco cell clones producing large amounts of nicotine. As another example, Dougall et al (1980), usingDaucus carota cells producing anthocyanin, observed a cell heterogeneity in a suspension culture even if it is issued from a single cell by a cloning procedure. They concluded that these variations did not seem to be due to a stable modification of genetic information.…”

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confidence: 97%