A closed-loop linear engine generator using inert gases: A performance and exergy study

Li, M; Ngwaka, Ugochukwu; Korbekandi, Ramin Moeini; Baker, Nick; Wu, Dawei; Tsolakis, Athanasios

doi:10.1016/j.energy.2023.128278

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Much of published research on externally powered free-piston technology is centred on engine development and performance prediction, with little detailed analysis of the fuel type for heat addition. The utilisation of zero-carbon fuels (hydrogen) in the works discussed in references [15,16] differs from the approach presented in this paper. The referenced works operated in semi-closed loops [15], closed loops [16], or utilised noble gases as the working fluids, whereas the proposed work operates on an open loop, using air as the working fluid, and employs ammonia/hydrogen as the power source.…”

Section: Linear Engine Generatorsmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…The utilisation of zero-carbon fuels (hydrogen) in the works discussed in references [15,16] differs from the approach presented in this paper. The referenced works operated in semi-closed loops [15], closed loops [16], or utilised noble gases as the working fluids, whereas the proposed work operates on an open loop, using air as the working fluid, and employs ammonia/hydrogen as the power source. Limited research efforts are made using ammonia fuel and scrutinising the relationship between the generator and engine.…”

Section: Linear Engine Generatorsmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…Efficiency increased with a compressor/expander diameter ratio (CEDR), and the power output relationship with CEDR depended on the exhaust duration. Operating temperature sensitivity for optimal performance depended on valve timings [16].…”

Section: Linear Engine Generatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Performance and Emission Optimisation of an Ammonia/Hydrogen Fuelled Linear Joule Engine Generator

Chen,

Ngwaka,

et al. 2024

Energies

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This paper presents a Linear Joule Engine Generator (LJEG) powered by ammonia and hydrogen co-combustion to tackle decarbonisation in the electrification of transport propulsion systems. A dynamic model of the LJEG, which integrates mechanics, thermodynamics, and electromagnetics sub-models, as well as detailed combustion chemistry analysis for emissions, is presented. The dynamic model is integrated and validated, and the LJEG performance is optimised for improved performance and reduced emissions. At optimal conditions, the engine could generate 1.96 kWe at a thermal efficiency of 34.3% and an electrical efficiency of 91%. It is found that the electromagnetic force of the linear alternator and heat addition from the external combustor and engine valve timing have the most significant influences on performance, whereas the piston stroke has a lesser impact. The impacts of hydrogen ratio, oxygen concentration, inlet pressure, and equivalence ratio of ammonia-air on nitric oxide (NO) formation and reduction are revealed using a detailed chemical kinetic analysis. Results indicated that rich combustion and elevated pressure are beneficial for NO reduction. The rate of production analysis indicates that the equivalence ratio significantly changes the relative contribution among the critical NO formation and reduction reaction pathways.

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