A closer look at the relationship between the default network, mind wandering, negative mood, and depression

Konjedi, Shaghayegh; Maleeh, Reza

doi:10.3758/s13415-017-0506-z

Cited by 21 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 151 publications

(256 reference statements)

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“…There is promising evidence that ruminators have stronger connectivity than other individuals between the default mode network’s regions [ 82 - 84 ]. Some researchers indicated that depressive rumination is outcome of default mode network dysfunction, which may reflect poor executive control [ 85 , 86 ]. Some researchers suggested that spontaneous self-referential thought is accompanied by enhanced alpha activity in the default mode network [ 25 , 87 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Neurofeedback Protocol for Executive Function to Reduce Depression and Rumination: A Controlled Study

Tseng

Lin

2020

Clin Psychopharmacol Neurosci

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Objective: Rumination is a maladaptive emotional-regulation strategy that is strongly associated with depression. Impaired executive function can lead to difficulties in disengaging from rumination, thus exacerbating depression. In this study, we inspect an electroencephalograph neurofeedback protocol that enhance the target peak alpha frequency (PAF) activation in the prefrontal region. We examine the protocol's effects on depression and rumination. Methods: We randomly assigned 30 dysphoric participants into either the neurofeedback training group or the control group. We then evaluated their depression, rumination, and executive function at pre-and posttraining so as to examine the effects of the neurofeedback. Results: The results show that this neurofeedback protocol can specifically enhance participants' target PAF. The participants' executive function performances significantly improved after undergoing 20 neurofeedback sessions. Compared with those in the control group, those in the neurofeedback group had significantly fewer depressive symptoms and significantly reduced rumination. Moreover, as target PAF and executive function improved, depression and rumination both declined. Conclusion: Our data are in line with those of previous studies that indicated a relationship between upper-band alpha activity and executive function. This PAF neurofeedback can effectively enhance participants' executive function, which can reduce rumination and ameliorate depression. This neurofeedback training is based on basic cognitive neuroscience, so it sheds light on depression's pathological factors and etiology.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Neurofeedback Protocol for Executive Function to Reduce Depression and Rumination: A Controlled Study

Tseng

Lin

2020

Clin Psychopharmacol Neurosci

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“…Studies have shown that if metacognitive processes are activated (that include rumination) during high vigilance states (that include bodily tension and inability to relax) without meta-awareness, they give rise to negative or depressed mood (Gruberger et al, 2013;Deng et al, 2014). However, if enhanced meta-awareness does not accompanied by the activation of the metacognitive processes, the negative mood does not arise (Konjedi & Maleeh, 2017). This is exactly what happens as a result of meditation training -maintenance of a nonreactive meta-awareness (either wide as in mindfulness or narrow as in focused attention) to what is being experienced (Braboszcz et al, 2010), by only observing the content of awareness without any interpretation or judgment even if the content is negative (Konjedi & Maleeh, 2017).…”

Section: Up-regulation Of the Witnessing Observer (Self-up State)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, if enhanced meta-awareness does not accompanied by the activation of the metacognitive processes, the negative mood does not arise (Konjedi & Maleeh, 2017). This is exactly what happens as a result of meditation training -maintenance of a nonreactive meta-awareness (either wide as in mindfulness or narrow as in focused attention) to what is being experienced (Braboszcz et al, 2010), by only observing the content of awareness without any interpretation or judgment even if the content is negative (Konjedi & Maleeh, 2017).…”

Section: Up-regulation Of the Witnessing Observer (Self-up State)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Selfhood triumvirate: From phenomenology to brain activity and back again

Fingelkurts

Kallio-Tamminen

2020

Consciousness and Cognition

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Recently, a three-dimensional construct model for complex experiential Selfhood has been proposed (Fingelkurts et al., 2016b,c). According to this model, three specific subnets (or modules) of the brain selfreferential network (SRN) are responsible for the manifestation of three aspects/features of the subjective sense of Selfhood. Follow up multiple studies established a tight relation between alterations in the functional integrity of the triad of SRN modules and related to them three aspects/features of the sense of self; however, the causality of this relation is yet to be shown. In this article we approached the question of causality by exploring functional integrity within the three SRN modules that are thought to underlie the three phenomenal components of Selfhood while these components were manipulated mentally by experienced meditators in a controlled and independent manner. Participants were requested, in a blockrandomised manner, to mentally induce states representing either increased (up-regulation) or decreased (down-regulation) sense of (a) witnessing agency ("Self"), or (b) body representational-emotional agency ("Me"), or (c) reflective/narrative agency ("I"), while their brain activity was recorded by an electroencephalogram (EEG). This EEG-data was complemented by first-person phenomenological reports and standardised questionnaires which focused on subjective contents of three aspects of Selfhood. The results of the study strengthen the case for a direct causative relationship between three phenomenological aspects of Selfhood and related to them three modules of the brain SRN. Furthermore, the putative integrative model of the dynamic interrelations among three modules of the SRN has been proposed.

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“…Clinical research has shown that a number of mental disorders is characterized by abnormalities of DMN activity. For example, acutely depressed individuals show hyperconnectivity within DMN regions, which is linked to the tendency to ruminate [ 17 , 18 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lab meets real life: A laboratory assessment of spontaneous thought and its ecological validity

et al. 2017

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People’s minds frequently wander towards self-generated thoughts, which are unrelated to external stimuli or demands. These phenomena, referred to as “spontaneous thought” (ST) and “mind wandering” (MW), have previously been linked with both costs and benefits. Current assessments of ST and MW have predominantly been conducted in the laboratory, whereas studies on the ecological validity of such lab-related constructs and their interrelations are rare. The current study examined the stability of ST dimensions assessed in the lab and their predictive value with respect to MW, repetitive negative thought (uncontrollable rumination, RUM), and affect in daily life. Forty-three university students were assessed with the Amsterdam Resting State Questionnaire (2nd version) to assess ten ST dimensions during the resting state in two laboratory sessions, which were separated by five days of electronic ambulatory assessment (AA). During AA, individuals indicated the intensity of MW and RUM, as well as of positive and negative affect in daily life ten times a day. ST dimensions measured in the lab were moderately stable across one week. Five out of ten ST lab dimensions were predicted by mental health-related symptoms or by dispositional cognitive traits. Hierarchical linear models revealed that a number of ST lab dimensions predicted cognitive and affective states in daily life. Mediation analyses showed that RUM, but not MW per se, accounted for the relationship between specific ST lab dimensions and mood in daily life. By using a simple resting state task, we could demonstrate that a number of lab dimensions of spontaneous thought are moderately stable, are predicted by mental health symptoms and cognitive traits, and show plausible associations with categories of self-generated thought and mood in daily life.

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A closer look at the relationship between the default network, mind wandering, negative mood, and depression

Cited by 21 publications

References 151 publications

A Neurofeedback Protocol for Executive Function to Reduce Depression and Rumination: A Controlled Study

A Neurofeedback Protocol for Executive Function to Reduce Depression and Rumination: A Controlled Study

Selfhood triumvirate: From phenomenology to brain activity and back again

Lab meets real life: A laboratory assessment of spontaneous thought and its ecological validity

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