“…In empirical research, the concept of club convergence has gained much attention. It has been widely applied to income, productivity, health and public expenditure, energy, environment, labour income, stock and bond markets, etc., in recent years (Kim et al, 2006;Herrerias et al, 2017;Akram and Rath, 2022;Akram et al, 2023). Additionally, Narayan (2006Narayan ( , 2007 and Abbott et al (2012) extended the convergence literature by investigating the tourism market convergence in case of Australia, Fiji and Turkey, respectively.…”