A cluster Of Surtseyan volcanoes at Lookout Bluff, North Otago, New Zealand: Aspects of edifice spacing and time

Maicher, Doris

doi:10.1029/140gm10

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Eruptions may have been produced by very complex edifi ces made up of several monogenetic and closely spaced and often overlapping cones; similar structures were produced during recent basaltic eruption at many locations, including Surtsey and its associated satellites (Thorarinsson, 1964;Lorenz, 1974;Jakobsson and Moore, 1982;Kokelaar and Durant, 1983), Falcon Island, Tonga (Hoffmeister et al, 1929), and Capelinhos or São Roque volcano, Azores (Machado et al, 1962;Cole et al, 1996Cole et al, , 2001Solgevik et al, 2007;Zanon et al, 2008). Similar volcanic complexes have also been inferred from ancient volcanic sequences like Lookout Bluff, New Zealand (Maicher, 2003), Pahvant Butte, Utah (White, 1996(White, , 2001, and Kangerluluk sequence, southeast Greenland (Mueller et al, 2000(Mueller et al, , 2002.…”

Section: Structural Evolution Of the Volcanic Complex In Lsumentioning

confidence: 69%

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2010

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The ANDRILL McMurdo Ice Shelf initiative recovered a 1285-m-long core (AND-1B) composed of cyclic glacimarine sediments with interbedded volcanic deposits. The thickest continuous volcanic sequence by far is ~175 m long and is found at mid-core depths from 584.19 to 759.32 m below seafl oor. The sequence was logged, and initial interpretations of lithostratigraphic subdivisions were made on ice during drilling in late 2006. Subsequent observations, based on image, petrographic, and scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy analyses, provide a more detailed, revised interpretation of a thick submarine to emergent volcanic succession.The sequence is subdivided into two main subsequences on the basis of sediment composition, texture, and alteration style. The ~70-m-thick lower subsequence consists mostly of monothematic stacked volcanicrich mudstone and sandstone deposits, which are attributed to epiclastic gravity fl ow turbidite processes. This subsequence is consistent with abundant active volcanism that occurred at a distal site with respect to the drill site. The ~105-m-thick upper subsequence consists mainly of interbedded tuff, lapilli tuff, and volcanic diamictite. A Late Miocene (6.48 Ma) 2.81-m-thick subaqueously emplaced lava fl ow occurs within the second subsequence. This second subsequence is attributed to recurring cycles of submarine to emergent volcanic activity that occurred proximal to the drill site. This new data set provides (1) the fi rst rock evidence of signifi cant Late Miocene submarine volcanic activity in the Ross Embayment during a period of no to limited glaciation, and (2) a rich stratigraphic record that elucidates submarine volcano-sedimentary processes in an offshore setting.

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Section: Structural Evolution Of the Volcanic Complex In Lsumentioning

confidence: 69%

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2010

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“…There were global sea‐level changes of sufficient magnitude to make the site subaerial at times, but no published evidence for any non‐volcanic subaerial deposits in the region in the Oligocene. Other volcanoes in the field may have emerged to form islands, but there is no direct evidence of emergence (Andrews, ; Maicher, ; Corcoran & Moore, ), and perhaps the best known of these, Bridge Point, has been specifically inferred to have stopped erupting before doing so (Cas et al ., ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Interpreting ambiguous bedforms to distinguish subaerial base surge from subaqueous density current deposits

Moorhouse

White

2016

The Depositional Record

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Bedform geometries of volcanogenic sedimentary structures such as dune, lowto high-angle cross-stratification and planar stratification produced in subaqueous and subaerial environments can be very similar. This has historically created difficulties in unambiguously distinguishing primary from reworked deposits, and gas-deposited versus water-deposited ones. The origins of dunes and associated structures within the pyroclastic deposits of basaltic Surtseyanstyle eruptions exposed in seacliffs along the Cape Wanbrow coastline of the Northeast Otago region in the South Island of New Zealand are such an example. Careful analysis of contextual information of these deposits, including granulometry, dune geometry, grading, sorting and particle hydraulic equivalence, has been completed to distinguish between major flow types in different environments. To determine the depositional setting of the Cape Wanbrow dunebearing deposits, a number of related sediments have been examined in more detail including well-described examples of (i) subaerial dry pyroclastic deposits, (ii) subaerial moist pyroclastic deposits, (iii) aeolian deposits, (iv) deposits of unidirectional fluid-gravity water flows (e.g. rivers) and cyclic tidal flows, and (v) aqueous sediment-gravity flow deposits encompassing both pyroclastic material and those with non-pyroclastic material. From this compendium, a framework has been created that allows users to compare the physical controls that shape each example with the factors controlling bedform deposition in that environment. Identifying key characteristics of the Cape Wanbrow dunes and comparing multiple flow types and environments using the designed framework indicates that they were deposited by subaerial dry pyroclastic density currents. This conclusion has wider implications for the entire Surtseyan stack at Cape Wanbrow, because it indicates that at least this volcano (Rua 2 ) became emergent and fully subaerial during its lifespan.

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“…The Basaltic Tuff Facies consists of multiple, crystal-rich, mafic lapilli tuffs (Fig. 8) interpreted as monogenetic, Surtseyan-style pyroclastic eruptions forming numerous subaqueous tuff cones over short time periods (Lewis 1973;Coomb et al 1986;Cas et al 1989;Reay et al 2002;Maicher 2003;Hoernle et al 2006;Murphy et al 2008). Tuff cones were primarily erupted in a relatively shallow continental shelf or platform and predominantly stayed submarine during the eruptive event although some may have emerged above sea level for short periods before rapid subsidence or post-eruption wave-cut planation reduced their elevation (White 1996;Murphy et al 2008).…”

Section: Late Eocene-early Oligocene Highstandmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of volcanism on cool-water carbonate facies during maximum inundation of Zealandia in the Waitaki–Oamaru region

Thompson

Bassett

Reid

2014

New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics

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The paleogeography of the Waitaki-Oamaru region during the Oligocene-Miocene maximum inundation was defined by a volcanic paleohigh producing a rimmed cool-water carbonate shelf geometry. Basaltic surtseyan style cones became the setting for a productive cool-water carbonate factory isolated from terrigenous input. To the west, impure wackestones and calcareous siltstones contain terrigenous material derived from low relief landmasses farther to the west. A lowstand following the cessation of volcanism caused the paleohigh to become subaerially exposed, forming an extensive dissolution surface in the east correlative with submarine firmgrounds to the west. Stronger currents from the south and significant storm events sweeping over the high reworked carbonate and glauconitic sediment and deposited it in channels to the north. Carbonate deposition west of the paleohigh filled in the deeper part of the basin eventually resulting in a wider, shallower and more regular shelf environment. Depositional environments of the Waitaki-Oamaru region during the Waitakian (Late Oligocene-Early Miocene) were overall shallower than during the earlier Whaingaroan (Early Oligocene) Stage when a more complex paleotopography existed. This is unlike elsewhere in New Zealand where maximum depth was reached during the Waitakian Stage. Thus, the existence of an isolated, submerged paleohigh in a cool-water carbonate basin can have a significant effect on the evolution of that basin, stimulating carbonate factories to develop where they might otherwise not.

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A cluster Of Surtseyan volcanoes at Lookout Bluff, North Otago, New Zealand: Aspects of edifice spacing and time

Cited by 5 publications

References 28 publications

Untitled

Untitled

Interpreting ambiguous bedforms to distinguish subaerial base surge from subaqueous density current deposits

The effect of volcanism on cool-water carbonate facies during maximum inundation of Zealandia in the Waitaki–Oamaru region

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