A cluster of three cases of botulism due to Clostridium baratii type F, France, August 2015

Trehard, Hélène; Poujol, I.; Mazuet, Christelle; Blanc, Q.; Gillet, Yves; Rossignol, Frédérique; Popoff, Michel‐Robert; Silva, Nathalie Jourdan Da

doi:10.2807/1560-7917.es.2016.21.4.30117

Cited by 16 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Clustering TFPs involves grouping pilins in such a way that pilins in the same group (called a cluster) are more similar to each other than they are to pilins in other clusters (Trehard et al, 2016). Cluster algorithm was used to detect a Type IVa cluster from among the pilins predicted by PilFind (Rollefson et al, 2011).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Analysis of Type IV Pilin in Desulfuromonadales

et al. 2016

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During anaerobic respiration, the bacteria Geobacter sulfurreducens can transfer electrons to extracellular electron accepters through its pilus. G. sulfurreducens pili have been reported to have metallic-like conductivity that is similar to doped organic semiconductors. To study the characteristics and origin of conductive pilin proteins found in the pilus structure, their genetic, structural, and phylogenetic properties were analyzed. The genetic relationships, and conserved structures and sequences that were obtained were used to predict the evolution of the pilins. Homologous genes that encode conductive pilin were found using PilFind and Cluster. Sequence characteristics and protein tertiary structures were analyzed with MAFFT and QUARK, respectively. The origin of conductive pilins was explored by building a phylogenetic tree. Truncation is a characteristic of conductive pilin. The structures of truncated pilins and their accompanying proteins were found to be similar to the N-terminal and C-terminal ends of full-length pilins respectively. The emergence of the truncated pilins can probably be ascribed to the evolutionary pressure of their extracellular electron transporting function. Genes encoding truncated pilins and proteins similar to the C-terminal of full-length pilins, which contain a group of consecutive anti-parallel beta-sheets, are adjacent in bacterial genomes. According to the genetic, structure, and phylogenetic analyses performed in this study, we inferred that the truncated pilins and their accompanying proteins probably evolved from full-length pilins by gene fission through duplication, degeneration, and separation. These findings provide new insights about the molecular mechanisms involved in long-range electron transport along the conductive pili of Geobacter species.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Analysis of Type IV Pilin in Desulfuromonadales

et al. 2016

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“…Accordingly, BoNT/A, with its great potency in humans and the longest duration of action of the seven serotypes, causes the most severe human botulism and is also the most commonly used BoNT-based therapeutic. BoNT/F, on the other hand, causes few adult human botulism cases, which are characterized by fast onset and fast recovery (Gupta et al, 2005; Jackson et al, 2015; Trehard et al, 2016), and therapeutic use in humans resulted in benefits for only a short time period (Greene and Fahn, 1993).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Substrate cleavage and duration of action of botulinum neurotoxin type FA (“H, HA”)

Pellett

Tepp

Lin

et al. 2018

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Botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) type FA is the only known naturally occurring chimeric BoNT of domains of BoNT/A and BoNT/F. BoNT/FA consists of an F5-like light chain (LC), a unique heavy chain (HC) translocation domain, and a HC receptor binding domain similar to BoNT/A1. Previous analyses of purified BoNT/FA have indicated a 5-10-fold greater potency in cultured human or rat neurons as compared to BoNT/A1 and a 400-500-fold greater potency compared to BoNT/B1. However, in vivo potency in mice was about 5-fold lower than BoNT/A1 or/B1. In this report, species specificity was examined by cell-based assays using primary neurons from mice and examining VAMP1 and 2 cleavage. The data indicated similar potency of BoNT/FA in primary mouse spinal cord neurons as previously observed in primary rat and human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) derived neuronal cell models, and equal enzymatic cleavage of mouse VAMP1 and 2 isoforms. Since the duration of action of BoNTs is due to continuous enzymatic activity of the LC in the neuronal cytosol, BoNT/FA was expected to have a short duration of action due to its F-type LC. In this report the duration of action of BoNT/FA was compared to that of BoNT/F1,/F5, and/B1 in both hiPSC derived neurons and in the in vivo mouse model. The data indicate a duration of action of BoNT/FA similar to BoNT/B1, while BoNT/F5 had a short duration of action similar to BoNT/F1.

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“…Some rare strains of Clostridium butyricum and Clostridium baratii carry the botulinum neurotoxin gene cluster ( 1 – 8 ). Botulinum toxin causes a rare but serious disease that produces a descending flaccid paralysis that can result in death if not treated ( 9 ).…”

Section: Genome Announcementmentioning

confidence: 99%