A Cluster Randomised Controlled Effectiveness Trial Evaluating Perinatal Home Visiting among South African Mothers/Infants

Rotheram‐Borus, Mary Jane; Tomlinson, Mark; Roux, Ingrid M. le; Harwood, Jessica M.; Comulada, Scott; O’Connor, Mary J.; Weiss, Robert E.; Worthman, Carol M.

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0105934

Cited by 69 publications

(95 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…21,39 Home visits by trained nurses or community health workers can be introduced to circumvent challenges such as expensive transport, long waiting lines, and discordant mother-infant clinic appointments, 36 and by extension enhance maternal and child outcomes. 39,41 Our finding that stigma and other psychosocial factors did not increase the odds of MTCT differs from prior studies in the region that have found that fears of HIV-related stigma and discrimination negatively impact service uptake and adherence at each step of the PMTCT cascade.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 90%

“…39,40 In addition, health systems should aim not only to provide knowledge to women but also to cultivate a supportive relationship that enables the women to apply the new knowledge to their daily lives, and come up with solutions to challenges to healthy daily routines. 36,41 This can only happen if patient-provider communication is improved at every stage of the continuum of care. 42 For example, it may include being an encourager during the testing stage, providing knowledge and reassurance during the early stages of care, and becoming a partner in health as care becomes more established.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Role of Maternal, Health System, and Psychosocial Factors in Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission Failure in the Era of Programmatic Scale Up in Western Kenya: A Case Control Study

Onono

Owuor

Turan

et al. 2015

AIDS Patient Care and STDs

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The aim of this study was to identify factors associated with prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) in an area of Kenya with widely accessible free PMTCT services. A matched case-control study was conducted at 31 public facilities in western Kenya. HIV-infected mothers with infants aged 6 weeks to 6 months were interviewed and medical charts were reviewed. Cases were mothers of infants with a definitive diagnosis of HIV. Controls were mothers of infants testing HIV negative. Cases and controls were matched in a 1:3 ratio on socio-demographic factors. Fifty cases and 135 controls were enrolled. Conditional (matched) logistic regression analysis was conducted. Odds of being a case were higher for women who first learned their HIV status during pregnancy

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Maternal, Health System, and Psychosocial Factors in Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission Failure in the Era of Programmatic Scale Up in Western Kenya: A Case Control Study

Onono

Owuor

Turan

et al. 2015

AIDS Patient Care and STDs

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Our research suggests that not only should the intensity of efforts to reduce MM not slacken, the findings also add to calls to move beyond vertical interventions aimed at proximate causes of MM, in order to provide strengthening for health systems that links maternal, newborn and child health (Jimenez Soto et al, 2012;Odeny et al, 2014;Rotheram-Borus et al, 2014;Spector et al, 2012), as well as for social protection systems, which affirmatively ameliorate gendered burdens of unpaid care work and include incentives for fathers to take part in caring for their children. Further, both public and targeted education campaigns (e.g.…”

Section: Conclusion and Recommendationsmentioning

confidence: 77%

Tracing shadows: How gendered power relations shape the impacts of maternal death on living children in sub Saharan Africa

Yamin

Bazile

Knight

et al. 2015

Social Science & Medicine

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Driven by the need to better understand the full and intergenerational toll of maternal mortality (MM), a mixed-methods study was conducted in four countries in sub-Saharan Africa to investigate the impacts of maternal death on families and children. The present analysis identifies gender as a fundamental driver not only of maternal, but also child health, through manifestations of gender inequity in household decision making, labor and caregiving, and social norms dictating the status of women. Focus group discussions were conducted with community members, and in depth qualitative interviews with key-informants and stakeholders, in Tanzania, Ethiopia, Malawi, and South Africa between April 2012 and October 2013. Findings highlight that socially constructed gender roles, which define mothers as caregivers and fathers as wage earners, and which limit women's agency regarding childcare decisions, among other things, create considerable gaps when it comes to meeting child nutrition, education, and health care needs following a maternal death. Additionally, our findings show that maternal deaths have differential effects on boy and girl children, and exacerbate specific risks for girl children, including early marriage, early pregnancy, and school drop-out. To combat both MM, and to mitigate impacts on children, investment in health services interventions should be complemented by broader interventions regarding social protection, as well as aimed at shifting social norms and opportunity structures regarding gendered divisions of labor and power at household, community, and society levels.

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“…For example, while strong evidence of effectiveness has been demonstrated for the Triple P Program [142][143][144][145][146] the Positive Action Program; 147,148) and the NurseFamily Partnership Programs, 150) there is a need for more evidence concerning the effectiveness of social support and the media format programs for reducing child maltreatment. Also, in many evaluation studies, risk factors for child abuse (e.g., changes in parents' attitudes towards discipline) are used to evaluate effectiveness rather than the direct measure of reports of child abuse.…”

Section: )mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Home visitation programs have been shown in the US to prevent child maltreatment. 149) A home visiting program in South Africa 150) suggests that more visits are associ-ated with increased cognitive development in the infants enrolled. In the US, the Domestic Violence Enhanced Home Visitation Program (DOVE) which combines 2 evidencebased interventions, a 10-minute brochure-based IPV intervention to be used within home visitation, has been tested in an a randomized controlled trial and demonstrated decreased IPV.…”

Section: Enhancing Resilience By Understanding the Impact Of Traumamentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Childhood Exposure to Intimate Partner Violence and Other Adversities

Franchek-Roa

Tiwari

Lewis‐O’Connor

et al. 2017

J Korean Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry

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Childhood exposure to intimate partner violence (IPV) and other adversities has been shown to have adverse effects on health and well-being not only in childhood but also throughout the lifespan. This paper focuses on the prevalence of childhood adversities including exposure to IPV. The intersection of adverse childhood experiences and IPV victimization/perpetration in adulthood is also explored. The neurobiology of trauma is discussed and by understanding the impact of trauma on health, it is hoped that enhancement of resilience is possible. Based on the identification of protective factors at the individual, familial, and community level, examples of interventions that encourage safe, stable, and nurturing relationships between parents and children are described.Key Words: Childhood; Adversities; Intimate partner violence; Intersection; Trauma; Health; Resilience. lifespan. An important finding of the ACE study and subsequent studies 7,[12][13][14][15] is that children who have been exposed to one trauma are more likely to be exposed to multiple traumas and this phenomenon has been termed polyvictimization. 16) Polyvictimization is important to consider because poly-victims often have worse health and symptomatology than victims exposed to only one form of trauma. 17) Other researchers have conceptualized this exposure as cumulative trauma pointing out that not only is there trauma from exposure to violence throughout childhood and adolescence but especially for those in marginalized racial/ethnic, religious, and gender identity/sexual preference groups where there is also exposure to structural racism, micro-aggressions and historical trauma. 18) The more cumulative trauma, the more profound the effects on health. Table 1 shows the prevalence of ACEs and Table 2 shows the ACE score in selected studies from the US and from countries around the world. 7,[19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29] Although the studies had some differences in methodologies and ACE questions, there are some notable comparisons. The highest incidences of ACEs are found in the following countries: Sri Lankan men 28) had the highest incidences of childhood physical abuse (59.3%), childhood sexual abuse (27.2%), childhood physical neglect (37.9%); nearly tied with Albania 25) for witnessing domestic violence against the female caregiver (30% Albania, 29.3% Sri Lanka men); and had the highest prevalence of an ACE score of >4 ACEs (31.4%). The Philippines had the highest incidence of a caregiver abusing substances (drug abuse 7.5%; alcohol abuse 36.2%). 26) The US had the highest incidence of children exposed to caregivers with mental illness (19.4%). 7,19,20) Latvia (42.3%) 22) and Brazil (42%) 24) had the highest incidence of children exposed to parental separation. These comparisons illustrate the common theme of the ubiquity of trauma exposure for children worldwide.The ACE study and a plethora of subsequent studies, both in the US and worldwide, have linked adversity in childhood to organic diseases later in life. When c...

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A Cluster Randomised Controlled Effectiveness Trial Evaluating Perinatal Home Visiting among South African Mothers/Infants

Cited by 69 publications

References 30 publications

The Role of Maternal, Health System, and Psychosocial Factors in Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission Failure in the Era of Programmatic Scale Up in Western Kenya: A Case Control Study

The Role of Maternal, Health System, and Psychosocial Factors in Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission Failure in the Era of Programmatic Scale Up in Western Kenya: A Case Control Study

Tracing shadows: How gendered power relations shape the impacts of maternal death on living children in sub Saharan Africa

Impact of Childhood Exposure to Intimate Partner Violence and Other Adversities

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