A cluster randomized controlled trial of a simplified 5‐step handwashing technique versus a conventional 7‐step handwashing technique among Chinese students with intellectual disabilities

Abstract

Objective To compare the effects of the simplified 5‐step and the conventional 7‐Step hand hygiene programme in a cluster randomized controlled trial among students with intellectual disabilities. Method A total of 472 Chinese students with intellectual disabilities were randomized to either simplified 5‐step or conventional 7‐step hand hygiene programme. Assessments included handwashing technique, cleanliness and sick leave days. Results Handwashing technique scores (g = 0.25, 95% CI [0.18, 0.32]) and hand cleanliness scores (g = 0.33, 95% CI [0.26, 0.4]) in intervention group were significantly higher than those scores in control group at 6th month post‐intervention although there were significant increases in the scores within both groups. The mean number of sick leave days decreased between baseline and 10 month in both groups according to descriptive statistics. Conclusions It is feasible and effective to adopt the simplified 5‐step intervention as a standardized handwashing technique for the population group with intellectual disabilities.

Psychosocial‐behavioural interventions for school‐aged children with intellectual disabilities: A systematic review of randomised control trials

“…Two studies identified participants with intellectual disability from educational records: an Education and Health Care Plan in place (Grindle et al, 2021), or input from an educational psychologist (Drysdale & Porter‐Armstrong, 2008). The remaining (8/27) studies did not specify how diagnoses were made (Balthazar & Sindberg, 1971; Baran et al, 2013; Dessemontet et al, 2021; Janeslätt & Granlund, 2019; Lee et al, 2017; Lee et al, 2020; McPherson et al, 2017; Roberts‐Tyler et al, 2020).…”

“…Most studies (24/27) reported intellectual disability severity explicitly as mild, moderate, severe, or profound, or by providing information about participant's IQ scores. The majority (17/27) included participants with mild, mild–moderate, or moderate intellectual disability (Agbaria, 2020; Bagattoni et al, 2020; Baran et al, 2013; Dessemontet et al, 2021; Drysdale & Porter‐Armstrong, 2008; Hessl et al, 2019; Hong, 2012; Jacques & Townsend, 1998; Janeslätt & Granlund, 2019; Kantner & Clark, 1982; Kostulski et al, 2021; Lee et al, 2017; Lee et al, 2020; Maïano & Erraïs, 2001; McDuffie et al, 2018; Roberts‐Tyler et al, 2020; Wuang & Su, 2013). Seven studies included participants with moderate–severe or severe intellectual disability (Balthazar & Sindberg, 1971; Grindle et al, 2021; Lanfranchi et al, 2015; Litrownik et al, 1978; Sepúlveda & Heinze, 2013), two of which were published from the same cohort with an average DQ of 30 (Saint‐Georges et al, 2020; Tanet et al, 2020).…”

“…Approximately half (4/7) concentrated on improving health outcomes, over a 4–7 month period, all of which reported significant results: handwashing techniques, with small to moderate effect sizes (Lee et al, 2020); behavioural management during dental restorations (Bagattoni et al, 2020); healthy lifestyle knowledge (Lee et al, 2017); and health advocacy skills (McPherson et al, 2017). The study conducted during a dental appointment (Bagattoni et al, 2020) was the only study to find statistically significant results in favour of the control group in relation to a high frequency of pain‐related behaviours, and a low‐level of co‐operation displayed during the appointment.…”

“…Few (4/27) studies specified diagnosis by reporting: the presence of Down Syndrome (Bennett & Buckley, 2013;Burgoyne et al, 2012;Lanfranchi et al, 2015) or Fragile X Syndrome (Hessl et al, 2019). Two studies identified participants with intellectual disability from educational records: an Education and Health Care Plan in place (Grindle et al, 2021), or input from an educational psychologist (Drysdale & Porter-Armstrong, 2008) (Agbaria, 2020;Bagattoni et al, 2020;Baran et al, 2013;Dessemontet et al, 2021;Drysdale & Porter-Armstrong, 2008;Hessl et al, 2019;Hong, 2012;Jacques & Townsend, 1998;Janeslätt & Granlund, 2019;Kantner & Clark, 1982;Kostulski et al, 2021;Lee et al, 2017;Lee et al, 2020;Maïano & Erraïs, 2001;McDuffie et al, 2018;Roberts-Tyler et al, 2020;Wuang & Su, 2013). Seven studies included participants with moderate-severe or severe intellectual disability (Balthazar & Sindberg, 1971;Grindle et al, 2021;Lanfranchi et al, 2015;Litrownik et al, 1978;Sepúlveda & Heinze, 2013), two of which were published from the same cohort with an average DQ of 30 (Saint-Georges et al, 2020;Tanet et al, 2020).…”

“…Approximately half (4/7) concentrated on improving health outcomes, over a 4-7 month period, all of which reported significant results: handwashing techniques, with small to moderate effect sizes (Lee et al, 2020); behavioural management during dental restorations (Bagattoni et al, 2020); healthy lifestyle knowledge (Lee et al, 2017);…”