A cognitive-computational account of mood swings in adolescence

Gregorova, Klara; Eldar, Eran; Deserno, Lorenz; Reiter, Andrea M.F.

doi:10.31234/osf.io/u62vr

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…The consistent reports of elevated decision noise in adolescents are not yet clearly understood but chime well with accounts of more limited availability of cognitive resources in adolescents (25)(26)(27)(28). Having less cognitive resources at your disposal might make adolescents more prone to rely on basic decision and learning heuristics, as it is computationally cheaper, rendering them highly susceptible to emotional, motivational and social influences (22,29,30).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Biased or noisy? Motivational biases and decision noise across development

Scholz,

Waltmann,

Herzog

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Learning and decision-making undergo substantial developmental changes. In adolescents, both specific developmental changes of choice behavior, such as in motivational choice bias, and generally higher levels of decision noise have been observed. However, it remains unknown whether these two observations are independent or related. A not yet investigated possibility is that the specific development of motivational choice bias might depend on decision noise. We examined 93 participants (12 – 42 years) with a motivational Go/NoGo task, assessing ‘Pavlovian’ choice bias and disentangling it from instrumental learning biases. Participants performed two more reinforcement learning (RL) tasks to test cross-task generalization of computational parameters such as decision noise. Using mixed-effects models, we find an age-related increase in Pavlovian choice bias while instrumental learning bias did not change with age. Implementing a novel adaptation of a computational RL model with outcome-specific noise parameters (‘feedback sensitivity’) showed increases in Pavlovian choice bias and sensitivity for positive feedback with age. Beyond these within-task developmental age effects, noise levels are, firstly, strongly correlated across RL tasks and, secondly, mediate age dependent performance gain and more sophisticated RL processes, i.e., model-based control over choices. Taken together, our findings provide novel insights into the computational processes underlying developmental changes in decision-making: namely a vital role of seemingly unspecific changes in noise in the specific development of more complex learning and choice components. Studying the neurocomputational mechanisms of how varying levels of noise impact distinct aspects of learning and decision processes may also be key to better understand the developmental onset of psychiatric diseases.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Biased or noisy? Motivational biases and decision noise across development

Scholz,

Waltmann,

Herzog

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…NSSI shows increasing prevalence at age 13–14, peaking at around age 15–16 ( 5 ). NSSI may thus be triggered by puberty and the confrontation with multiple developmental challenges, including a substantial biological and social reconfiguration happening in this period of life which has been argued to trigger mood instability ( 6 , 7 ). Above all, repetitive NSSI is a high-risk marker and a predictor of suicidal thoughts and behaviors, comorbid psychopathology (e.g., Depression, anxiety disorders, posttraumatic stress disorder, borderline personality disorder) and other high-risk behaviors ( 8 – 11 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Universal prevention for non-suicidal self-injury in adolescents is scarce - A systematic review

Bürger,

von Schoenfeld,

Scheiner

et al. 2023

Front. Psychiatry

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Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) during adolescence is a high-risk marker for the development and persistence of mental health problems and has been recognized as a significant public health problem. Whereas targeted prevention has indeed shown to be effective in reducing NSSI and improve mental health problems, access to such programs is limited. By face validity, universal prevention of NSSI seems an ideal starting point for a stepped-care model to circumvent a lack of resources in the medical care system. However, it is yet unclear how effective such approaches are. Here, we provide a summary of existing work on universal prevention of NSSI in adolescents younger than 21 years based on a systematic literature search. We found that only seven studies are available. None of the programs evaluated was found to be effective in reducing the incidence or frequency of NSSI. After providing a comprehensive summary of the existing work, we evaluate the fact that existing work primarily focusses on selected/targeted prevention and on psychoeducational methods. We derive implications for future directions in the field of universal prevention of NSSI.

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