A Cognitive Tool for Ethical Decision Making: A Case for ACED IT

Stenmark, Cheryl K.; Kreitler, Crystal

doi:10.1080/10508422.2016.1176566

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Overall, while there were no group differences, in the more macro-level cognitive processes measured by the quality of the plans, forecasts, or overall ethicality of the decisions, completing the ACED IT form does appear to elicit specific strategies that are known to be related to better EDM (e.g., Mumford et al, 2009;Stenmark et al, 2010Stenmark et al, , 2011Stenmark, 2013): identifying steps to solving the problem, barriers to implementing the solution, and solutions to those barriers. This finding is consistent with previous studies of the ACED IT (Stenmark and Kreitler, 2017). This finding is an encouraging indicator that perhaps in a real-world setting, completing the ACED IT form would result in better overall decisions.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Pressure and ethical decision-making

Stenmark

Kreitler

2019

IJIDS

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Performance pressure degrades performance on many types of tasks. Mounting evidence, however, suggests that pressure may not affect ethical decision-making. For the present study, participants analysed an ethical dilemma using a cognitive tool (ACED IT), expressive writing, or a control task, and their decisions were compared for participants in high and low pressure conditions. Perceptions of moral intensity were also measured. The current project found that the ACED IT map appears to be an effective cognitive tool for aiding ethical decision-making. The ACED IT group performed better on ethical decision-making (EDM) indices than did participants in the other groups. Pressure did not have an impact with regard to the cognitive processes involved in EDM. Pressure did, however, have a significant effect on perceptions of the problem. Implications of this pattern of results are discussed. It is important to determine whether pressure impacts EDM, so that training interventions can address pressure effectively. The present study suggests that, while pressure may not have an impact on ethical decision-making, pressure does seem to impact perceptions regarding ethical decision-making.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Pressure and ethical decision-making

Stenmark

Kreitler

2019

IJIDS

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“…These are all cognitive strategies that are known to be related to making better ethical decisions (e.g., Mumford et al, 2008;Stenmark, 2013;Stenmark et al, , 2010. Previous studies of the ACED-IT form and its impact on EDM have found similar results (e.g., Stenmark & Kreitler, 2017). The effect sizes of this effect, as measured by partial η 2 ranged from .84-.88, indicating that over 80% of the variance in these indices can be accounted for by considering which cognitive technique an individual used.…”

Section: Theoretical Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…Indeed, research has demonstrated that identifying causes and forecasting potential consequences are vital activities involved in making an ethical decision (e.g., Stenmark et al, , 2010. Research comparing the ACED-IT form and expressive writing has shown that while engaging in expressive writing does results in improved indices of ethical decision-making, the ACED-IT form often results in the best cognitive processing regarding the ethical problem (Kreitler et al, 2014;Stenmark & Kreitler, 2017. Thus, while there is evidence that expressive writing as a technique can influence the way people think about and approach an ethical problem, most evidence suggests that the ACED-IT form is superior to expressive writing with regard to the cognitive aspects of ethical decision-making.…”

Section: Expressive Writingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-efficacy and ethical decision-making

2020

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Self-efficacy is the assessment of one's capacity to perform tasks. Previous research has demonstrated that self-efficacy impacts ethical behavior and attitudes but its effect on ethical cognition and perceptions has not been studied. For the present study, participants analyzed an ethical dilemma after either high or low self-efficacy was induced. Participants analyzed the dilemma using one of two cognitive problem-solving techniques (a structured cognitive tool or an unstructured cognitive technique) versus a third, control group, and what participants wrote about the problem was content-analyzed to determine how ethical cognition is impacted by selfefficacy. Additionally, perceptions of the ethical problem were examined. Results revealed that differences in self-efficacy did not lead to changes in ethical cognition, but they did lead to changes in perceptions of ethical problems. Implications of these findings are discussed.

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“…Content-coding. The qualitative data from the ACED-IT forms were content coded, consistent with previous research studying the ACED-IT and EDM (e.g., Stenmark & Kreitler, 2017). ACED-IT responses were evaluated to measure the use of the cognitive processes involved in making the final decision.…”

Section: Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Little Goes a Long Way: Adapting an Ethics Training Program to Work for Smaller Universities

Stenmark

Miller

2021

Journal of Empirical Research on Human Research Ethics

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The present project modified an existing ethics intervention aimed at graduate students, which had previously been evaluated and determined to be effective. The existing program was modified to shorten it from a 2 full-day training to a 1 full-day training. The effectiveness of the modified training program was evaluated using multiple dependent measures: perceptions of ethical dilemmas, ethical decision making and the using of cognitive strategies for ethical decision making, and reactions to the training. The results of the present study indicated that there were significant differences from pretraining to posttraining on measures of perceptions of ethical problems and markers of the cognitive processes involved in ethical decision making, including a focus on the ethical elements of the problem, and overall decision ethicality. Finally, participants reacted favorably to the program. Implications of these results are discussed.

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A Cognitive Tool for Ethical Decision Making: A Case for ACED IT

Cited by 6 publications

References 44 publications

Pressure and ethical decision-making

Pressure and ethical decision-making

Self-efficacy and ethical decision-making

A Little Goes a Long Way: Adapting an Ethics Training Program to Work for Smaller Universities

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