A cohort study of post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome and PCV2 in 178 pigs from birth to 14 weeks on a single farm in England

Woodbine, Kerry A.; Turner, Marian; Medley, Graham F.; Scott, Paul D.; Easton, Andrew J.; Slevin, J.; Brown, Judith C.; Francis, LJ; Green, Laura

doi:10.1016/j.prevetmed.2010.08.001

Cited by 10 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Herds with high PCV2 antibody titers have been associated with reduced grow-finish performance (combined ADG, G:F, mortality, and carcass weight) compared to herds with lower PCV2 titers ( Fablet et al, 2018 ). PCV2-SD had been shown to result in morbidity ranging from 1.6% to 60% and mortality ranging from 3% to 56% ( Jemersic et al, 2004 ; D’Allaire et al, 2007 ; Horlen et al, 2007 ; Carman et al, 2008 ; Nielsen et al, 2008 ; Neumann et al, 2009 ; Pejsak et al, 2010 ; Woodbine et al, 2010 ; Shelton et al, 2012 ; Segales et al, 2019 ). PCV2 is a very common infectious agent that can lead to significant morbidity and mortality in unvaccinated populations.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Postweaning mortality in commercial swine production II: review of infectious contributing factors

Gebhardt

Tokach

Dritz

et al. 2020

Translational Animal Science

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Postweaning mortality is extremely complex with a multitude of noninfectious and infectious contributing factors. In the current review, our objective is to describe the current state of knowledge regarding infectious causes of postweaning mortality, focusing on estimates of frequency and magnitude of effect where available. While infectious mortality is often categorized by physiologic body system affected, we believe the complex multifactorial nature is better understood by an alternative stratification dependent on intervention type. This category method subjectively combines disease pathogenesis knowledge, epidemiology, and economic consequences. These intervention categories included depopulation of affected cohorts of animals, elimination protocols using knowledge of immunity and epidemiology, or less aggressive interventions. The most aggressive approach to control infectious etiologies is through herd depopulation and repopulation. Historically, these protocols were successful for Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae and swine dysentery among others. Additionally, this aggressive measure likely would be used to minimize disease spread if either a foreign animal disease was introduced or pseudorabies virus was reintroduced into domestic swine populations. Elimination practices have been successful for Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, coronaviruses, including transmissible gastroenteritis virus, porcine epidemic diarrhea virus, and porcine deltacoronavirus, swine influenza virus, nondysentery Brachyspira spp., and others. Porcine circovirus type 2 can have a significant impact on morbidity and mortality; however, it is often adequately controlled through immunization. Many other infectious etiologies present in swine production have not elicited these aggressive control measures. This may be because less aggressive control measures, such as vaccination, management, and therapeutics, are effective, their impact on mortality or productivity is not great enough to warrant, or there is inadequate understanding to employ control procedures efficaciously and efficiently. Since there are many infectious agents and noninfectious contributors, emphasis should continue to be placed on those infectious agents with the greatest impact to minimize postweaning mortality.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Postweaning mortality in commercial swine production II: review of infectious contributing factors

Gebhardt

Tokach

Dritz

et al. 2020

Translational Animal Science

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show abstract

“…Several studies have assessed the diagnostic value of using serology (antibodies) and PCV2 DNA detection (qPCR) for the diagnosis of PCVDs (Grau‐Roma et al., 2009; Turner et al., 2009; Woodbine et al., 2010). Even though all studies found significantly higher viral load in PMWS pigs compared with non‐PMWS pigs, they concurrently conclude that neither viral load nor antibodies can be used for diagnosing pigs or herds as PMWS‐affected because the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity are too low (Grau‐Roma et al., 2009).…”

Section: Diagnosis Of Pmwsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Porcine Circovirus Diseases: A review of PMWS

Bækbo

Kristensen

Larsen

2012

Transboundary and Emerging Diseases

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Summary This article is a review on post‐weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS), the first described disease among the porcine circovirus diseases (PCVD). Post‐weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome has, since its appearance in Canada in 1991, been seen in all major pig producing countries. To diagnose PMWS at herd level typical clinical appearance consisting of wasting and increased mortality must be combined with finding at autopsy of diseased pigs, where typical microscopic findings in the lymphatic tissue must be present. Post‐weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome significantly increases the mortality and reduces the daily weight gain in weaner pig and/or in finishing pigs. Post‐weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome can be transmitted by pig‐to‐pig contact and some studies point at airborne transmission as a possibility. Studies in Europe have shown several risk factors that either increase or decrease the risk for a pig herd to be affected by PMWS. At the pig level, studies have shown the importance of maternal immunity as protection for subsequent development of PMWS. To control PMWS, good production management and control of other diseases are crucial. Since 2004, commercial vaccines against Porcine Circo Virus type 2 have been coming on the market and many studies have shown great benefits of these to control PMWS. Today, sow vaccines as well as piglet vaccines are available in most countries. An extensive meta‐analysis of many of the vaccines has shown a comparable good efficacy of the vaccines in significantly reducing mortality and increasing weight gain of the pigs.

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“…Collectively, these studies indicate that the immune or PCV‐2 infection status of the sow affects the PCV‐2 status of its offspring. However, a more recent cohort study investigating the occurrence of PMWS in pigs of 36 litters on farms in the UK did not confirm any litter effect (Woodbine and others 2010).…”

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confidence: 90%

“…The onset of clinical signs is typically at weaning or during the grower stage (McKeown and others 2005). PMWS‐affected pigs appear pale and hairy and lose weight within a few days, clearly distinguishing them from healthy pigs (Rosell and others 1999, Quintana and others 2001, Segales and others 2005, Woodbine and others 2010). First described in 1998, porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV‐2) has been widely acknowledged as necessary agent of PMWS and other PCV‐2‐associated diseases (Allan and others 1998, Ellis and others 1998).…”

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confidence: 99%

Porcine circovirus type 2 infection before and during an outbreak of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome on a pig farm in the UK

et al. 2012

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The presence of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV-2) and other pathogens before and during an outbreak of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PWMS) in pigs is evaluated in this study. At the time of the outbreak on a large commercial pig farm in the UK, serum samples and data were collected in two independent on-going research projects, one in weaned pigs and the other in sows. Serum samples of growing pigs and sows were PCV-2-antibody and PCR positive before and during the PMWS outbreak. Upon sequencing, PCV-2 isolates collected before the outbreak were identified as PCV-2a, and isolates collected during the outbreak were identified as PCV-2b, suggesting a shift of PCV-2 genotypes present on the farm. Pigs in the weaner study were from sows originating from different breeders and an association of sow origin and PCV-2 serostatus in offspring was found. Further, pigs had higher odds to be PCV-2 antigen positive if the sow was PCV-2 antibody positive around farrowing, the sow was of higher parity, and were less likely to test antigen positive if the sow was sourced from a particular breeder. The findings of this study highlight the potential role of the immune status of the sow on the occurrence of PMWS.

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A cohort study of post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome and PCV2 in 178 pigs from birth to 14 weeks on a single farm in England

Cited by 10 publications

References 23 publications

Postweaning mortality in commercial swine production II: review of infectious contributing factors

Postweaning mortality in commercial swine production II: review of infectious contributing factors

Porcine Circovirus Diseases: A review of PMWS

Porcine circovirus type 2 infection before and during an outbreak of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome on a pig farm in the UK

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