This article addresses contemporary construction polymer elements found useful in civil engineering and construction in Russia due to their high technical and economical efficiency. Advantages and drawbacks of the polymer materials are reviewed. This work in no way claims a fullness of reviewing all the issues of using polymers in construction, but it nevertheless enables to provide a general insight into the problems to be solved in the field of future production and use of environmentally safe polymer materials for construction applications. One of the substantial goals of the applied research is to design rather durable, non-toxic and fire-resistant construction materials intended for construction of residential and public buildings. Readers can get an overview about ecological problems linked to the production and application of the polymers in construction field.