“…For instance, an average rise in global temperature by 0.74 °C over the last hundred years , more than half of this rise, i.e., 0.44 °C reportedly occurred during the last 25 years (IPCC, 2007). Climate change impacts are reported to influence supply of goods and ecosystem services (FAO, 2016;Reyes-García et al, 2019) and closely interlinked with adverse effects on different ecosystems, i.e., forest ecosystem, agro-ecosystem, livestock husbandry and water resources in the region (Adedeji, 2014). Recent studies indicates that global warming is impacting tree mortality, seed germination, pest outbreaks, invasion of alien species, change in the phenology, crop production and animal productivity (Devkota et al, 2017;FAO, 2016;IPCC, 2019;Mayewski et al, 2020;Reyes-García et al, 2019).…”