A collaborative study of 209 PCB congeners and 6 Aroclors  on 20 different HRGC columns
2. Semi-quantitative Aroclor congener distributions

Frame, George M.

doi:10.1007/s002160050238

Cited by 133 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 0 publications

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“…Congener concentrations in the mixture have been precisely measured by Frame. [18][19][20] Congeners are categorized into three groups with respect to their concentrations; congeners with more than 1.0 weight percent are called major, congeners with a range between 1.0 and 0.05 are minor and congeners with less than 0.05 are trace or undetectable. There are 61 major congeners in a commercial mixture with a chlorine range between 2 and 8, but there are no major congeners with chlorine of 1, 9 nor 10.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calibration Method for the Gas-Chromatographic Retention Time of Polychlorinated Biphenyl Congeners

2000

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Polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) is one of the most widespread persistent organic pollutants. PCB theoretically consists of 209 congeners, of which around 150 have been reported at significant levels in the environment. Because environmental behavior of PCBs is congener-dependent, a comprehensive, quantitative and congener-specific (CQCS) analysis is highly demanded.1 The CQCS PCB analysis uses high-resolution gas chromatography (HRGC) with sensitive and selective detection by an electron capture detector (ECD) or a mass spectrometer (MS).There are so many PCB congeners that the analysis of an acquired chromatogram is labor-intensive and time-consuming. Therefore, a fully automated quantitative analysis is desired in an analytical laboratory where many environmental samples are routinely quantified. The important process in the analysis is the identification of each congener in accordance with its retention time. Automated identification requires precise retention times of the GC system in an analytical laboratory, since all chromatographic peaks arising from congeners should be individually quantified when they elute separately.Recently, Frame has reported a complete retention database on 27 HRGC systems using 20 stationary phases with all 209 pure congener standards commercially available. 2 The retention database includes multiple data sets measured by different GC systems with the same stationary phases. In a comparison of these data sets, different parameters of column dimensions, film thickness, temperature programs and flow rates change the retention time substantially. The retention differences are mainly due to the common behavior of congeners, which exhibit smooth curvature differences along with an increase of the retention time. Additionally, small but significant differences due to individual behavior of congeners change the elution orders as well as the resolvability of some adjacent congeners. These retention differences suggest that congener identification should not be attempted solely by matching the values in the retention database. 2 Retention indices (RI) are used to remove any influence of a specific GC condition. [3][4][5][6] However, an RI calculation can not compensate for individual congener behavior that makes the elution orders change, because it is a linear conversion. All 209 congener standards are still expensive and cannot be utilized in all analytical laboratories. We have thus developed a new calibration method that compensates for retention changes between different GC systems with the same stationary phase. In conjunction with the valuable retention database reported by Frame, 2 the proposed method can be used to predict the retention time of congeners whose standards are not available in an analytical laboratory. ExperimentalA commercial PCB mixture (Kanechlor) was purchased from GL Sciences Inc., Japan. A PCB standard mixture was obtained from Wellington Laboratories, USA. The standard mixture contained the first and last eluted congeners in each chlorine homologue at a DB-5 c...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calibration Method for the Gas-Chromatographic Retention Time of Polychlorinated Biphenyl Congeners

2000

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“…2) Injections of authentic reference compounds on each column (62 individual congeners). 3) Published data on the retention and co-elution database [12] and semi-quantitative Aroclor congener distributions [2].…”

Section: Peak Assignmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in samples analyzed for regulatory purposes usually consist of complex mixtures of up to half or more of the 209 possible congeners derived from technical mixtures (e.g., Aroclors [1,2], Clophens, etc.). Additional congeners may be encountered in the samples from the processes of photolytic, microbial, thermal, or chemical dechlorination, or metabolism in higher animals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correct identification of polychlorinated biphenyls in temperature-programmed GC with ECD detection

Zhang

Liang

Chen

et al. 2002

Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry

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A method has been developed for peak identification of PCBs in GC with ECD detection under different temperature programs and isothermal conditions on two commonly used columns (DB-5 and DB-1701). This was achieved by means of accurate calibration of retention times based on the concept of the relative retention index P i and retention times of the selected PCB internal standards. The P i was calculated from the predicted retention times with the database of the retention parameters (A, B) and the migration equations. Through comparison of the calibrated and experimental retention times of PCBs in technical samples, it was shown that the developed method was effective for correct PCB comprehensive, quantitative, congener-specific (CQCS) analyses.

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“…For qualitative GC analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) specific Kov4ts [9,10] and polycyclic aromatic compounds (PAC) [11] retention indices can be found for different stationary phases. Retention characteristics on different stationary phases have recently been reported for polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) [12][13][14]. Relative retention times [15] and retention indices of polychlorinated pesticides (PCPs) can be found only for polydimethylsiloxane phases [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pesticides and PCBs are retained on the basis of their boiling points and retention is somehow dependent on molecular shape. For ECD, in particular, the chlorophenyl index was presented using a linear temperature programme [22] and a retention and coelution database for PCBs [13,14] is now available for chromatographers. Gas chromatography is also very helpful for the determination of experimental thermodynamic data; these can be related to molecular structure and hence serve as supplemental tool for identification.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retention system, thermodynamic properties and structure correlations of environmental analytes

Armeta-Arteaga

Elizalde-González

1999

Chromatographia

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SummaryA composite chromatographic retention index system has been developed for identifying polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorinated biphenyls and polychlorinated pesticides. When retention indices and thermodynamic data of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on 5 % phenylmethylsiloxane stationary phase were compared with those obtained on polydimethylsiloxane a correlation was found between retention and electronic properties. Determination and quantitation of individual contaminants in water and sediment samples from Lake Mecoac4n were achieved by capillary gas chromatography with flame ionization and electroncapture detection.

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A collaborative study of 209 PCB congeners and 6 Aroclors on 20 different HRGC columns 2. Semi-quantitative Aroclor congener distributions

Cited by 133 publications

References 0 publications

Calibration Method for the Gas-Chromatographic Retention Time of Polychlorinated Biphenyl Congeners

Calibration Method for the Gas-Chromatographic Retention Time of Polychlorinated Biphenyl Congeners

Correct identification of polychlorinated biphenyls in temperature-programmed GC with ECD detection

Retention system, thermodynamic properties and structure correlations of environmental analytes

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