“…When collaborative learning is used for music practice and performance, masters and apprentices become co-constructors of learning (Lave & Wenger, 1991;Lebler, 2007;Hanley, Baker, & Pavlidis, 2018). These informal group practices contrast with those of the conservatoire, where one-to-one tuition is the predominant educational model for music practice and performance (Bjøntegaard, 2015;Carey & Grant, 2015;Virkkula, 2016b;Gaunt, 2017). Informal pedagogies within communities of practice have much to recommend themselves in arts education (Virkkula, 2016a), and more specifically, it is argued in this paper, within HME (see also Westerlund & Partti, 2012).…”