A combined calcination method for activating mixed shale residue and red mud for preparation of geopolymer

Bao, Shenxu; Qin, Lei; Zhang, Yimin; Luo, Yongpeng; Huang, Xingrui

doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2021.123789

Cited by 33 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Glass waste (GW): glass bottles were obtained from garbage containers and technical backfill center. The glass bottles have been ground to reach 196 m 2 /kg Blaine surface areas with specific gravity and bulk density were 2.61 g/cm 3 and 1.12 g/cm 3 , respectively.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The idea of searching for minerals waste capable of withstanding the highest temperatures, after undergoing the alkaline activation process is considered an achievement, especially those that lack the pozzolanic effect and are classified under inert wastes, On the other hand, inert wastes can be transformed into effective once they are crushed with a high fineness that competes with cement or more, as a preliminary phase before stating the chemical activation process, This is called mechanical activation, which allows the appearance of the pozzolanic effect, All this in order to manufacture a material, which works on the construction of buildings and structures on a large scale, that is durable enough, and must be able to absorb energy and resist high temperatures, such as nuclear power stations, radioactive waste storage facilities and others [1], in addition to preserve and protect the environment from pollution, in order to reduce global warming, by reducing the proportion of Portland cement production, which allowed the field of scientific research to find alternative binders to cement based on waste materials, including alkaline activated materials (AAM) [2]. Among the industrial waste that has become used as a primary and basic material in the alkaline activation process, it was found that glass of all kinds, as well as red bricks, are classified into the list of alternative materials for cement materials, which can reduce energy consumption during manufacturing, thus, it allows giving materials called geopolymers, the success of geopolymers was based on the introduction of multiple industrial solid wastes during its manufacture [3]. This type of material is formulated with raw materials consisting mainly of aluminosilicates mixed with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and sodium silicate (Na2SiO3) as an alkaline solution that is curing in an ambient or at a high temperature [4], most of used industrial wastes in the alkaline activation process is rich in quartz (SiO2) as an essential oxide or named silicate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Studying the Effect of High Temperature on the Content of Glass and Brick Waste Binders after Alkaline Activation

Omri¹,

Rahmouni²,

Tebbal³

2022

ACSM

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The high-temperature mechanical behaviour of a glass and brick waste alkaline to synthesize geopolymer mortar was studied. The mortar in question contained 100% glass powder GWP and 90% of a blend of brick waste GBWP, brick waste BWP and a solid activator (10 mol concentration of NaOH mixed with glass water (Na2SiO3). The material was tested during exposure to high temperatures to establish its density, weight loss, compressive strength, accessible porosity in water, expansion of pastes, XRD and TG-DSC analysis using an innovative methodology to notch the hydrated geopolymers paste specimens after exposed to five maximum temperatures, 100℃, 200℃, 400℃, 600℃ and 800℃ without any imposed load during the heating. The results were found that GBWP gave better values in compressive strength, reaching 38.3 MPa at 100℃ and other proportional values at 400℃, 600℃ respectively compared with GWP. As for the density, the high temperature contributed to its decrease, which caused the presence of high porosity at 800℃. On the other hand, the high temperature helped to improve the mechanical and physical behavior of BWP, where the resistance reached 24.91 MPa at 200℃. In addition, for the microstructure and different particles related to the interactions were identified through the XRD and TG-DSC analysis procedure, in order to know the highest temperatures that allow changing the structure and properties of this type of alternative binders.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studying the Effect of High Temperature on the Content of Glass and Brick Waste Binders after Alkaline Activation

Omri¹,

Rahmouni²,

Tebbal³

2022

ACSM

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“…It is produced through a smelting process; limestone or dolomite is added to the heat carrier to remove the impurities of the iron ore, followed by their decomposition producing magnesium oxide and calcium oxide and melting with other ashes producing the aluminosilicate material, which is the blast furnace slag [26,27]. Other unpopular precursors used in the preparation of geopolymers are rice husk ash [28], red mud [29], nickel laterite mine waste [30], perlite, kaolinic clay [31], and red clay ceramic powders [22]. In some studies, the mentioned materials are mixed in different proportions to serve as the precursor for geopolymers.…”

Section: Precursorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The in-situ observation of the geopolymerization process has been a difficult task for researchers because of restrictions in methodologies. They studied the geopolymerization process by employing vacuum dehydration and 27 Al and 29 Si nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy analysis. The vacuum dehydration process is executed using a circulating gas system activated by an oil pump and a nitrogen condenser pipe, wherein water is removed for around 40 min.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Geopolymers as Sustainable Material for Strengthening and Restoring Unreinforced Masonry Structures: A Review

et al. 2021

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Unreinforced masonry (URM) structures are vulnerable to earthquakes; thus, materials and techniques for their strengthening and restoration should be developed. However, the materials used in some of the existing retrofitting technologies for URM and the waste produced at its end-of-life are unsustainable. The production of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) worldwide has enormously contributed to the global carbon footprint, resulting in persistent environmental problems. Replacing OPC with geopolymers, which are more sustainable and environmentally friendly, presents a potential solution to these problems. Geopolymers can replace the OPC component in engineering cementitious composites (ECC), recommended to strengthen and restore URM structures. In the present paper, the state-of-the-art knowledge development on applying geopolymers in URM structures is discussed. The discussion is focused on geopolymers and their components, material characterization, geopolymers as a strengthening and restoration material, and fiber-reinforced geopolymers and their application to URM structures. Based on this review, it was found that the mechanical properties of geopolymers are on par with that of OPC; however, there are few studies on the mentioned applications of geopolymers. The characterization of geopolymers’ mechanical and physical properties as a restoration material for URM structures is still limited. Therefore, other properties such as chemical interaction with the substrate, workability, thixotropic behavior, and aesthetic features of geopolymers need to be investigated for its wide application. The application method of geopolymer-based ECC as a strengthening material for a URM structure is by grouting injection. It is also worth recommending that other application techniques such as deep repointing, jacketing, and cement-plastering be explored.

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“…Figure 1. The average values of low and high calcium red mud compositions.Another ten different sample compositions are categorized as high calcium RM collected from the literature[8,[23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31]. The statistical analysis for the major oxides and loss on ignition yields no outliers for Al2O3, CaO, Na2O, MgO, K2O, SO3 and LOI.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Properties of red-mud-based geopolymers in the light of their chemical composition

Khalaf

Kopecskó

2022

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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Utilizing industrial waste materials such as red mud as alternatives to high emissions of CO2 materials such as Portland cement will help to produce integrated sustainable construction materials. Statistical analysis has been performed on the major oxides of red mud to understand the relationship between chemical composition and properties (e.g., workability, setting time, compressive strength, etc.) of red mud-based geopolymer composite. Therefore, red mud can be a suitable binder by blending with other geopolymer source materials to achieve the desired fresh and mechanical properties. Moreover, a proposed equation has been derived on the basis of the outcomes from the literature to determine the required extra water that can compensate for the workability loss due to red mud addition.

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A combined calcination method for activating mixed shale residue and red mud for preparation of geopolymer

Cited by 33 publications

References 34 publications

Studying the Effect of High Temperature on the Content of Glass and Brick Waste Binders after Alkaline Activation

Studying the Effect of High Temperature on the Content of Glass and Brick Waste Binders after Alkaline Activation

Geopolymers as Sustainable Material for Strengthening and Restoring Unreinforced Masonry Structures: A Review

Properties of red-mud-based geopolymers in the light of their chemical composition

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