A combined Golgi and autoradiographic study of 3H-glycine-accumulating cone bipolar cells in the cat retina

Pourcho, Roberta G.; Goebel, Dennis J.

doi:10.1523/jneurosci.07-04-01178.1987

Cited by 88 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Simultaneous labeling with antibodies to S-cone opsin suggest that the presynaptic cones are unlikely to be S-cones (Li and DeVries, unpublished observation). An Off cone bipolar cell with similarly sparse cone contacts has been described in the cat (CBa6; Pourcho and Goebel, 1987) and a presumed On bipolar cell with similar features occurs in a primate (Joo et al, 2011). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Organizational motifs for ground squirrel cone bipolar cells

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Zhu

Shi

et al. 2012

J of Comparative Neurology

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In daylight vision, parallel processing starts at the cone synapse. Cone signals flow to On and Off bipolar cells, which are further divided into types according to morphology, immunocytochemistry, and function. The axons of the bipolar cell types stratify at different levels in the inner plexiform layer (IPL), and can interact with costratifying amacrine and ganglion cells. These interactions endow the ganglion cell types with unique functional properties. The wiring that underlies the interactions between bipolar, amacrine, and ganglion cells is poorly understood. It may be easier to elucidate this wiring if organizational rules can be established. We identify 13 types of cone bipolar cells in the ground squirrel, 11 of which contact contiguous cones with the possible exception of short-wavelength sensitive cones. Cells were identified by antibody labeling, tracer filling, and Golgi-like filling following transduction with an adeno-associated virus encoding for GFP. The 11 bipolar cell types displayed two organizational patterns. In the first pattern, 8-10 of the 11 types came in pairs with partially overlapping axonal stratification. Pairs shared morphological, immunocytochemical, and functional properties. The existence of similar pairs is a new motif that may have implications for how signals first diverge from a cone to bipolar cells, and then re-converge onto a costratifying ganglion cell. The second pattern is a mirror symmetric organization about the middle of the IPL involving at least 7 bipolar cell types. This anatomical symmetry may be associated with a functional symmetry in On and Off ganglion cell responses.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Organizational motifs for ground squirrel cone bipolar cells

Light

Zhu

Shi

et al. 2012

J of Comparative Neurology

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“…First, APB has no direct effect on mudpuppy retinal ganglion cells (Lukasiewicz & McReynolds, 1985;Arkin & Miller, 1988 a, b). Second, some studies have suggested that inhibitory synapses between bipolar and ganglion cells in cat may use glycine as a neurotransmitter (McGuire, Stevens & Sterling, 1984;Cohen & Sterling, 1986;Pourcho, 1980;Wiissle et al 1986;Pourcho & Goebel, 1987). Further work with other transmitter agonists and antagonists will be required in order to clarify whether oncentre cells do receive inputs from both kinds of bipolar cells.…”

Section: On-centre Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Centre components of cone‐driven retinal ganglion cells: differential sensitivity to 2‐amino‐4‐phosphonobutyric acid.

Chen

Linsenmeier

1989

The Journal of Physiology

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SUMMARY1. Changes in different components of the cone-driven centre responses of cat retinal ganglion cells were studied before and during local application of 2-amino-4-phosphonobutyric acid (APB). Responses were elicited with bar stimuli whose luminance was above ('brighter') or below ('dimmer') the photopic background luminance. The bars were centrally located, and were similar in width to the receptive field centre.2. APB acted differently on the on-and off-centre cells. For on-centre X and Y cells, all components of the responses to bright and dim bars were diminished by APB. For the off-centre X and Y cells, APB reduced all components except the transient increase in firing rate when the bright bar was turned off or when the dim bar was turned on.3. These results suggest that the centre response mechanism of off-centre X and Y cells comprises APB-sensitive and APB-resistant components. The APB-sensitive component is more sustained and responds to both brightening and dimming stimuli. The APB-resistant component is more transient and responds primarily to dimming stimuli. For on-centre X and Y cells only APB-sensitive components could be demonstrated.4. Experiments with stationary sinusoidal gratings modulated at 0-5-10 Hz showed that responses of off-centre cells were more affected by APB at low than at high temporal frequencies, confirming that the APB-sensitive pathway is responsible for more of the low temporal frequency responses. As expected from the responses to bar stimuli, APB had a uniform effect at all temporal frequencies in on-centre cells.5. For off-centre cells, the APB-sensitive component is probably derived from input from depolarizing bipolar cells, and the APB-resistant component is derived from hyperpolarizing bipolar input, although one or both pathways could also involve amacrine cells. The combination of these pathways increases the range of temporal frequencies to which the cell can respond and also increases the range of response amplitudes.6. The lack of differential effects on on-centre cells may have several explanations. The most likely explanations are that only depolarizing bipolars contribute significantly to the centre responses of these cells under the conditions of these MS 7568

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“…Glycine is also predominantly found in amacrine cells [61], [69], [78]–[82] and to a lesser extent, bipolar cells due to amacrine cell coupling [78], [83]–[85]. We saw highly glycine immunoreactive interplexiform cells in the INL of both upstream and downstream migrating G. australis .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Retinal Amino Acid Neurochemistry of the Southern Hemisphere Lamprey, Geotria australis

et al. 2013

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Lampreys are one of the two surviving groups of the agnathan (jawless) stages in vertebrate evolution and are thus ideal candidates for elucidating the evolution of visual systems. This study investigated the retinal amino acid neurochemistry of the southern hemisphere lamprey Geotria australis during the downstream migration of the young, recently-metamorphosed juveniles to the sea and during the upstream migration of the fully-grown and sexually-maturing adults to their spawning areas. Glutamate and taurine were distributed throughout the retina, whilst GABA and glycine were confined to neurons of the inner retina matching patterns seen in most other vertebrates. Glutamine and aspartate immunoreactivity was closely matched to Müller cell morphology. Between the migratory phases, few differences were observed in the distribution of major neurotransmitters i.e. glutamate, GABA and glycine, but changes in amino acids associated with retinal metabolism i.e. glutamine and aspartate, were evident. Taurine immunoreactivity was mostly conserved between migrant stages, consistent with its role in primary cell functions such as osmoregulation. Further investigation of glutamate signalling using the probe agmatine (AGB) to map cation channel permeability revealed entry of AGB into photoreceptors and horizontal cells followed by accumulation in inner retinal neurons. Similarities in AGB profiles between upstream and downstream migrant of G. australis confirmed the conservation of glutamate neurotransmission. Finally, calcium binding proteins, calbindin and calretinin were localized to the inner retina whilst recoverin was localized to photoreceptors. Overall, conservation of major amino acid neurotransmitters and calcium-associated proteins in the lamprey retina confirms these elements as essential features of the vertebrate visual system. On the other hand, metabolic elements of the retina such as neurotransmitter precursor amino acids and Müller cells are more sensitive to environmental changes associated with migration.

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A combined Golgi and autoradiographic study of 3H-glycine-accumulating cone bipolar cells in the cat retina

Cited by 88 publications

References 27 publications

Organizational motifs for ground squirrel cone bipolar cells

Organizational motifs for ground squirrel cone bipolar cells

Centre components of cone‐driven retinal ganglion cells: differential sensitivity to 2‐amino‐4‐phosphonobutyric acid.

Retinal Amino Acid Neurochemistry of the Southern Hemisphere Lamprey, Geotria australis

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