A combined NaI(Tl)+LiI(Eu) detector for environmental, geological and security applications

Baker, Jalal Hasan; Galunov, N.Z.; Seminozhenko, V. P.; Tarasenko, О.А.; Martynenko, E.V.

doi:10.1016/j.radmeas.2007.02.044

Cited by 15 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…The nuclei with sufficiently high neutron capture cross-section is for example 6 Li (s¼520 b). The related nuclear reaction is (the percentage gives the natural abundance of the isotope) 6 Li (7.5%) +n-3 H (2.75 MeV) +a (2.05 MeV) s¼520 b (1) Until recently, only few materials with not completely favorable properties have been available, for example Li-glass [2], LiI:Eu [3], Cs 2 LiYCl 6 :Ce [4], and LiF/ZnS:Ag [5]. The LiF/ZnS:Ag has a very high light yield (160,000 photons/neutron); however, it cannot be obviously prepared in a form of a single crystal but only as an opaque mixture of both constituents in an organic binder, which degrades its optical properties (Refs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crystal growth and luminescence properties of Ti-doped LiAlO2 for neutron scintillator

Pejchal

Fujimoto

Chani

et al. 2011

Journal of Crystal Growth

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crystal growth and luminescence properties of Ti-doped LiAlO2 for neutron scintillator

Pejchal

Fujimoto

Chani

et al. 2011

Journal of Crystal Growth

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“…The use of Analog to Digital Converters (ADCs) [4], [5] or Charge to Digital Converters (QDCs) [6] in neutron-gamma pulse shape discrimination are well established techniques since long time.…”

Section: A System Architecturementioning

confidence: 99%

Conceptual Design, Development and Preliminary Tests of a Compact Neutron Spectrometer for the JET Experiment

Belli

Conroy

Esposito

et al. 2012

IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci.

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A Compact Neutron Spectrometer (CNS) has been developed to measure the neutron emission spectra in Joint European Torus (JET) fusion plasma experiments. The spectrometer, based on a liquid scintillation detector (BC501A), is equipped with a Digital Pulse Shape Discrimination (DPSD) acquisition system for neutron (n) and gamma-ray separation. The CNS enables recording the n and pulse height spectra (PHS) up to total count rates of s . Energy resolution, after PHS unfolding, will be % for 14 MeV neutrons and % for 2.5 MeV neutrons. The work done by ENEA-Frascati and Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) respectively in the assembly and test of DPSD and scintillation detector, along with the first results obtained by the spectrometer in JET plasma experiments are presented. The experience obtained with CNS in JET will contribute to the development of neutron spectrometers suitable for applications in the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER).Index Terms-Compact neutron spectrometer, digital signal processing, liquid organic scintillator, tokamak diagnostics.

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“…Neutron peaks are separated using the second scintillator with low neutron detection efficiency, for example, NaI(Tl) [21]. One alternative is a lithium-based detector.…”

Section: Neutron Detectorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modern detectors for radiation monitors

Shumakov¹,

Sviridov²,

Колесников³

2011

At Energy

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SiO 5 (Ce), CdTe, and HgI 2 , microtubes from organic scintillators, nanomaterials, and detectors based on gaseous and solid-state electronic multipliers are examined. A comparison is made of conventional detectors based on NaI(Tl) and CsI(Tl), plastic scintillators, and 3 He counters. The advantages of the new detectors are better energy resolution, high detection efficiency, low supply voltage, processing convenience, and cost. These detectors will increase the sensitivity of radiation monitors in monitoring unauthorized transport of nuclear and other radioactive materials, identify in real time the materials being monitored, and simplify the detecting apparatus and the development of monitors.Radiation monitors are a tool for monitoring unauthorized transport of nuclear and other radioactive materials. The main components of a monitor are neutron, x-ray, and γ-detectors. The main characteristic of radiation monitors depends on their efficiency -the detection threshold of the materials being monitored.The detectors developed on the basis of the new materials -LaBr 3 , Bi 4 Ge 3 O 12 , CdWO 4 , LiI(Eu), ZnO, Lu 2 SiO 5 (Ce), CdTe, and HgI 2 , microtubes from organic scintillators, and ultrapure germanium -have better characteristics than conventional detectors. The advantages of the new detector are better energy resolution, high detection efficiency, low supply voltage, processing convenience, and cost. Some new possibilities have already been realized in serial or trial production, and many are known only from individual publications.The present article presents the modern detectors, which can replace conventional detectors for developing radiation monitors and make it possible to increase their sensitivity, identify monitored materials in real time, and simplify the detection apparatus. x-and γ-Ray DetectorsInorganic scintillators. Conventional detectors are those based on NaI(Tl) and CsI(Tl) single crystals [1]. About 25 eV is expended on the formation of one photon. The luminescence spectrum agrees well with the spectral sensitivity of photocathodes of most vacuum photomultipliers. A single crystal is transparent to its own radiation and is simple to make. Its drawback is high hygroscopicity and brittleness. The temperature dependence of the volume is also important. These properties are important for developing radiation monitors operating under normal climatic conditions. The light output reaches its maximum value at room temperature, and it drops sharply at 0 and above 60°C. A decrease of temperature is accompa-

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A combined NaI(Tl)+LiI(Eu) detector for environmental, geological and security applications

Cited by 15 publications

References 2 publications

Crystal growth and luminescence properties of Ti-doped LiAlO2 for neutron scintillator

Crystal growth and luminescence properties of Ti-doped LiAlO2 for neutron scintillator

Conceptual Design, Development and Preliminary Tests of a Compact Neutron Spectrometer for the JET Experiment

Modern detectors for radiation monitors

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