A Commented Review of Eco-Product Value Realization and Ecological Industry and Its Enlightenment for Agroforestry Ecosystem Services in the Karst Ecological Restoration

Abstract

The achievement of eco-product value and the growth of eco-industry can boost the economic advancement of karst areas. The findings of a statistical analysis of 520 relevant studies reveal the following: (1) From a time series perspective, the amount of papers increase with each wave of research; (2) contents mainly concentrate on four aspects, namely, ecosystem services supply (8.46%), value accounting (10.58%), value realization (37.88%), and eco-industry (30.38%); (3) the study areas are primarily concentrated in Asia (85.96%), Europe (7.12%), and North America (4.04%), most of which are located in China’s karst areas with vulnerable ecological environments and regions that are aware of eco-product values; and (4) research frontiers are reflected through four aspects of the ecosystem, namely, services supply, value accounting, value realization, and the eco-industry. Based on the analysis in this paper, it can be concluded that paths, mechanisms, and models for eco-product value realization are still slow. Therefore, to support the growth of karst agroforestry ecosystem services, it is imperative to further research the capacity of agroforestry ecosystem services supply, value accounting systems, ecological compensation mechanisms, the value realization models of eco-products, and the formation mechanism of eco-industries.

Quota and Space Allocations of New Urban Land Supported by Urban Growth Simulations: A Case Study of Guangzhou City, China

“…(2) Ecological protection: Ecological protection corresponds to the bottom line of ecological security. The mostimportant aspect of ecological protection is maintaining the ecological service functions that are directly reflected in the ecological service value [63]. Xie et al calculated the ecosystem service value per area [64] to monitor the value of ecological services.…”

A Preliminary Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Ecological Product Value Realization in China Based on the DPSIR Model

“…The research on EPVR is a widely discussed topic and can yield new insights in interdisciplinary studies such as economics, management, and environmental sciences [11,12]. There is some progress in the basic research on the connotations, categorizations, and attributes of EPs, as well as on the pathways and models for EPVR, as follows: (1) In a narrow sense, EPs are often regarded as natural elements that maintain ecological security and enhance people's well-being.…”

“…(2) Based on competitiveness and exclusivity, EPs can be divided into public ecological products, private ecological products, and quasi-public ecological products. However, they can still be categorized from different theoretical perspectives due to their multiple attributes of "ecology", "economy", and "society" [12,14]. (3) The value of EPs is often implicit, and the essence of EPVR is to make these implicit values explicit through appropriate ways [15].…”

“…For example, in some regions, natural resources were being assetized and capitalized through platforms such as "forest banks" and "wetland banks" to continuously improve the benefits of EPs [17,18]. Further, some studies have found that eco-industrialization and industrial ecologization were endogenous and exogenous driving forces of EPVR, respectively, and were particularly applicable in eco-fragile areas, such as karst regions [12,19].…”

A Review of Eco-Product Value Realization and Eco-Industry with Enlightenment toward the Forest Ecosystem Services in Karst Ecological Restoration

“…As a type of forestry, agroforestry provides less biodiversity and ecosystem services than old-growth forests [40]. Based on the value realization of eco-products and eco-industry research, some researchers have proposed the enlightenment of agroforestry ecosystem services for karst ecological restoration [41], but they only focused on agroforestry. Therefore, based on the value realization of eco-products and eco-industry research, this study proposes that the supply capacity of forest eco-products can be improved by realizing forest ecosystem service function optimization through karst ecological restoration.…”