A commercial macroalgae extract in a plant-protein rich diet diminished saturated fatty acids of Oncorhynchus mykiss walbaum fillets

Abstract

Seaweeds are considered novel feed ingredients, nutraceutical compounds and source of pigments and proteins. They appear to possess bioactive properties, such as hypolipidemic, antioxidant and immune-stimulative actions; furthermore, their proteins are considered just as nutritious as terrestrial vegetables. In the present work, rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum) was fed for 95 days with three diets: a fishmeal-based positive control diet (Cþ), a vegetable protein-based negative control diet (CÀ) and a diet similar to C À where 5% of soybean concentrate was replaced by a commercial blend of seaweeds (T). The monitored parameters were fish performance, physical and marketable characteristics, fillet oxidative status and fatty acid content. The estimated indices of enzyme activities involved in lipid metabolism were calculated. Fish performances were reduced in C À and T fish; C À and T fillet fatty acid (FA) profiles globally showed the same pattern and were distinct from Cþ, i.e. with a lower content of polyunsaturated FAs and a higher content of monounsaturated and polyunsaturated n6 FAs; contrarywise, saturated FAs were significantly lower in T group in comparison to the other two groups (p < .01). The estimated indices of enzyme activity highlighted differences between dietary groups; desaturase activities of C18 and n3 FAs were higher in T in comparison to CÀ (p < .001). A slight impoverishment of antioxidant activity was found in T compared to C þ group. Dietary seaweeds seemed to be capable of influencing fillet FA composition as well as the activity of enzymes related to lipid metabolism. Further studies in this regard are encouraged. HIGHLIGHTS Seaweeds are novel feed ingredients with nutraceutical properties Saturated fatty acids of rainbow trout fillets were lowered by seaweed inclusion in the diet Estimated desaturase activities of C18 and n3 fatty acids were higher in seaweed-fed trout ARTICLE HISTORY

Analysis of Muscle Lipidome in Juvenile Rainbow Trout Fed Rapeseed Oil and Cochayuyo Meal

“…On the contrary, in this study, the count levels of n-3 fatty acids and lipid species such as PC 22:5e-20:3 were reduced by all experimental groups. Additionally, Bruni et al [ 45 ] reported a commercial macroalgae extract in a plant-protein-rich diet with diminished saturated fatty acids fed to trout fillets, which is consistent with our study, mainly with the reduction in myristic acid, FAHFA and phospholipids containing saturated fatty acids with from 4 to 18 carbons.…”

“…Because the fatty acid profile in the body of fish reflects the fatty acid profile of their diet, several reports indicate that macroalgae supplementation could increase the amount of n-3 in the muscle of carnivorous fish and could counteract the total reduction in n-3 in trout fillet, as a consequence of the dietary inclusion of vegetable oils, such as rapeseed oil [ 10 , 45 ]. For example, the dietary inclusion of 10% Ulva lactuca resulted in a significant increase in trout muscle Docosapentaenoic acid (22:5n-3; DPA) levels at the end of the feeding period [ 46 ].…”

Towards the Identification of a Suitable Commercial Diet for Carpione (Salmo carpio, Linnaeus 1758): A Multidisciplinary Study on Fish Performances, Animal Welfare and Quality Traits

“…Fresh water and certain euryhaline fish species, such as salmonids, are able to synthesize PUFAs starting form shorter-chain precursors through the elongation and desaturation pathways [ 76 ]. While considering the estimated activity of Δ5 and Δ6 desaturases on n-3 and n-6 PUFAs ( Table 7 ), the values obtained in the present trial were lower than those proposed for rainbow trout by Bruni et al [ 77 ], underlying a reduced ability of carpione in converting shorter FAs precursors in longer n-3 PUFAs.…”

Computational structural, electronic and optical properties of the palmitic acid in its C form

“…1(a) and 1(b), respectively. In addition, this crystal has a monoclinic symmetry belonging to the space group 2 1 / , and punctual group 5 2ℎ , with lattice parameters = 35.260(11)˚ , = 4.9487(16)˚ , = 9.406(3)˚ , and volume = 1658.0˚ 3 . Its unit cell contains 4 molecules and = 4 organized periodically through dimers arranged as alternating monolayers of the carboxyl group and methyl radicals parallel to the plane (010), build-up by the hydrophilic part the carboxylic acid through hydrogen bonds [17].…”

“…Currently, fatty acids have attracted the attention of the scientific community. Due to their fundamental properties, it has potential application in the medicine, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics technology, foods, and fuel fields [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8], which requires great efforts to synthesize and characterize fatty acid crystals through experimental techniques. In this context, from an experimental or theoretical point of view, there is a fundamental importance to obtain better potentialities and overall properties comprehension of such structure [9][10][11][12][13][14][15].…”