A common FMO3 polymorphism may amplify the effect of nicotine exposure in sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)

Poetsch, Micaela; Czerwinski, Marco; Wingenfeld, Lisa; Vennemann, Mechtild; Bajanowski, Thomas

doi:10.1007/s00414-010-0428-6

Cited by 23 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Another enzyme metabolising nicotine is flavinmonooxygenase 3 (FMO3). This gene has been investigated in 159 German SIDS cases and 170 living adult controls [127]. It was found that the 472AA genotype occurred more frequently in SIDS cases than in controls (P = 0.005) and was more frequent in those SIDS cases whose mothers reported heavy smoking (P = 0.008).…”

Section: Detoxification Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gene variants predisposing to SIDS: current knowledge

Opdal

Rognum

2010

Forensic Sci Med Pathol

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Genetic risk factors play a role in sudden unexpected infant death; either as a cause of death, such as in cases with medium-chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency and cardiac arrest due to long QT syndrome, or as predisposing factors for sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). Most likely genetic predisposition to SIDS represent a polygenic inheritance pattern leading to sudden death when combined with other risk factors, such as a vulnerable developmental stage of the central nervous system and/or the immune system, in addition to environmental risk factors, such as a common cold or prone sleeping position. Genes involved in the regulation of the immune system, cardiac function, the serotonergic network and brain function and development have so far emerged as the most important with respect to SIDS. The purpose of the present paper is to survey current knowledge on SIDS and possible genetic contributions.

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Section: Detoxification Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gene variants predisposing to SIDS: current knowledge

Opdal

Rognum

2010

Forensic Sci Med Pathol

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“…■ Genetic control of metabolic pathways, for example, flavin-monooxygenase 3 (FMO3) an enzyme metabolising nicotine [119]…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A perspective on SIDS pathogenesis. The hypotheses: plausibility and evidence

Goldwater

2011

BMC Med

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Several theories of the underlying mechanisms of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) have been proposed. These theories have born relatively narrow beach-head research programs attracting generous research funding sustained for many years at expense to the public purse. This perspective endeavors to critically examine the evidence and bases of these theories and determine their plausibility; and questions whether or not a safe and reasoned hypothesis lies at their foundation. The Opinion sets specific criteria by asking the following questions: 1. Does the hypothesis take into account the key pathological findings in SIDS? 2. Is the hypothesis congruent with the key epidemiological risk factors? 3. Does it link 1 and 2? Falling short of any one of these answers, by inference, would imply insufficient grounds for a sustainable hypothesis. Some of the hypotheses overlap, for instance, notional respiratory failure may encompass apnea, prone sleep position, and asphyxia which may be seen to be linked to co-sleeping. For the purposes of this paper, each element will be assessed on the above criteria.

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“…Maternal smoking : SIDS is five times more common in infants born to mothers who smoked during pregnancy and three times more common in those exposed postnatally to smoking (117, 118). Cigarette smoke exposure and prone sleep position is associated with decreased 5HT1A receptors in the DMNV of SIDS infants (119).…”

Section: New Hypothesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbiome–Gut–Brain Axis: A Pathway for Improving Brainstem Serotonin Homeostasis and Successful Autoresuscitation in SIDS—A Novel Hypothesis

Vijayakumar

Praveen

2017

Front. Pediatr.

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Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) continues to be a major public health issue. Following its major decline since the “Back to Sleep” campaign, the incidence of SIDS has plateaued, with an annual incidence of about 1,500 SIDS-related deaths in the United States and thousands more throughout the world. The etiology of SIDS, the major cause of postneonatal mortality in the western world, is still poorly understood. Although sleeping in prone position is a major risk factor, SIDS continues to occur even in the supine sleeping position. The triple-risk model of Filiano and Kinney emphasizes the interaction between a susceptible infant during a critical developmental period and stressor/s in the pathogenesis of SIDS. Recent evidence ranges from dysregulated autonomic control to findings of altered neurochemistry, especially the serotonergic system that plays an important role in brainstem cardiorespiratory/thermoregulatory centers. Brainstem serotonin (5-HT) and tryptophan hydroxylase-2 (TPH-2) levels have been shown to be lower in SIDS, supporting the evidence that defects in the medullary serotonergic system play a significant role in SIDS. Pathogenic bacteria and their enterotoxins have been associated with SIDS, although no direct evidence has been established. We present a new hypothesis that the infant’s gut microbiome, and/or its metabolites, by its direct effects on the gut enterochromaffin cells, stimulates the afferent gut vagal endings by releasing serotonin (paracrine effect), optimizing autoresuscitation by modulating brainstem 5-HT levels through the microbiome–gut–brain axis, thus playing a significant role in SIDS during the critical period of gut flora development and vulnerability to SIDS. The shared similarities between various risk factors for SIDS and their relationship with the infant gut microbiome support our hypothesis. Comprehensive gut-microbiome studies are required to test our hypothesis.

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A common FMO3 polymorphism may amplify the effect of nicotine exposure in sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)

Cited by 23 publications

References 31 publications

Gene variants predisposing to SIDS: current knowledge

Gene variants predisposing to SIDS: current knowledge

A perspective on SIDS pathogenesis. The hypotheses: plausibility and evidence

Microbiome–Gut–Brain Axis: A Pathway for Improving Brainstem Serotonin Homeostasis and Successful Autoresuscitation in SIDS—A Novel Hypothesis

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