A Common Genetic Origin for Early Farmers from Mediterranean Cardial and Central European LBK Cultures

Olalde, Ïñigo; Schroeder, Hannes; Sandoval-Velasco, Marcela; Vinner, Lasse; Lobón, Irene; Ramírez, Óscar; Civit, Sergi; Borja, Pablo García; Salazar‐García, Domingo C.; Talamo, Sahra; Fullola, Josep María; Oms, F. Xavier; Pedró, Mireia; Martínez, Pablo; Sanz, Montserrat; Daura, Joan; Zilhão, João; Marquès-Bonet, Tomàs; Gilbert, M. Thomas P.; Lalueza-Fox, Carles

doi:10.1093/molbev/msv181

Cited by 154 publications

(150 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…The best explanation for this observation is that migration to southwestern Europe started in the Aegean but was independent from the movement to Germany via Hungary. This is also supported by other genetic inferences (24) and archaeological evidence (33). An alternative scenario is a very rapid colonization along a single route with subsequent gene flow back to Greece from Spain.…”

Section: Functional Variationsupporting

confidence: 86%

Early farmers from across Europe directly descended from Neolithic Aegeans

Hofmanová

Kreutzer

Hellenthal

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

408

271

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Farming and sedentism first appeared in southwestern Asia during the early Holocene and later spread to neighboring regions, including Europe, along multiple dispersal routes. Conspicuous uncertainties remain about the relative roles of migration, cultural diffusion, and admixture with local foragers in the early Neolithization of Europe. Here we present paleogenomic data for five Neolithic individuals from northern Greece and northwestern Turkey spanning the time and region of the earliest spread of farming into Europe. We use a novel approach to recalibrate raw reads and call genotypes from ancient DNA and observe striking genetic similarity both among Aegean early farmers and with those from across Europe. Our study demonstrates a direct genetic link between Mediterranean and Central European early farmers and those of Greece and Anatolia, extending the European Neolithic migratory chain all the way back to southwestern Asia.

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Section: Functional Variationsupporting

confidence: 86%

Early farmers from across Europe directly descended from Neolithic Aegeans

Hofmanová

Kreutzer

Hellenthal

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

408

271

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“…Recent aDNA studies have shown that early farmers in central and southwestern Europe show a genetic affinity to populations in the Near East, with the implication that demographic expansion and migration played an important role in the appearance of the Neolithic in these regions, although an admixture with local foragers is also indicated (e.g. Haak et al 2010;Olalde et al 2015). Palaeogenetic research into the transition in the British Isles is less advanced and archaeological opinion is still divided over whether colonisation from mainland Europe (Sheridan 2010) or indigenous adoption (Thomas 2008) was the main driver of Neolithization.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using Stable Isotopes and a Bayesian Mixing Model (FRUITS) to Investigate Diet at the Early Neolithic Site of Carding Mill Bay, Scotland

et al. 2017

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ABSTRACT. We present δ 13 C, δ 15 N, and δ 34 S measurements on archaeological human and animal bone collagen samples from a shell midden dating to the Neolithic ca. 4000-3500 cal BC, together with measurements on modern fish and shellfish. These data were used in conjunction with the Bayesian mixing model, Food Reconstruction Using Isotopic Transferred Signals (FRUITS), to reconstruct human diet at the site. We demonstrate the importance of using a geographically appropriate faunal baseline in stable isotope paleodietary studies, and suggest that Neolithic individuals at this site consumed up to ca. 21% of dietary protein from marine resources, despite stable isotope ratios that imply a wholly terrestrial diet. This marine resource consumption does not significantly shift the radiocarbon ( 14 C) dates of these individuals, so although we must consider the use of marine resources at the site, the chronology that has previously been established is secure. The δ 13 C and δ 15N measurements from the archaeological herbivore bone collagen indicate that it is unlikely they ate plants enriched with fertilisers such as manure or seaweed. The δ 34 S values reveal a sea-spray effect; therefore, in this instance, δ 34 S cannot be used as a dietary indicator but can be used to demonstrate the likely locality of the fauna.

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“…145 We also generated 62 new direct radiocarbon dates (Extended Data Bronze Age Britain. We combined our data with previously published ancient DNA data [2][3][4][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37] 150 to form a genome-wide dataset of 476 ancient individuals (Supplementary Table 1). The 151 combined dataset included Beaker-associated individuals from Iberia (n=20), southern France 152 (n=4), northern Italy (n=1), central Europe (n=56), The Netherlands (n=9) and Britain (n=19).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Beaker Phenomenon and the Genomic Transformation of Northwest Europe

Olalde

Brace

Allentoft

et al. 2017

Preprint

Self Cite

174

342

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Bell Beaker pottery spread across western and central Europe beginning around 2750 BCE before disappearing between 2200–1800 BCE. The mechanism of its expansion is a topic of long-standing debate, with support for both cultural diffusion and human migration. We present new genome-wide ancient DNA data from 170 Neolithic, Copper Age and Bronze Age Europeans, including 100 Beaker-associated individuals. In contrast to the Corded Ware Complex, which has previously been identified as arriving in central Europe following migration from the east, we observe limited genetic affinity between Iberian and central European Beaker Complex-associated individuals, and thus exclude migration as a significant mechanism of spread between these two regions. However, human migration did have an important role in the further dissemination of the Beaker Complex, which we document most clearly in Britain using data from 80 newly reported individuals dating to 3900–1200 BCE. British Neolithic farmers were genetically similar to contemporary populations in continental Europe and in particular to Neolithic Iberians, suggesting that a portion of the farmer ancestry in Britain came from the Mediterranean rather than the Danubian route of farming expansion. Beginning with the Beaker period, and continuing through the Bronze Age, all British individuals harboured high proportions of Steppe ancestry and were genetically closely related to Beaker-associated individuals from the Lower Rhine area. We use these observations to show that the spread of the Beaker Complex to Britain was mediated by migration from the continent that replaced >90% of Britain’s Neolithic gene pool within a few hundred years, continuing the process that brought Steppe ancestry into central and northern Europe 400 years earlier.

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A Common Genetic Origin for Early Farmers from Mediterranean Cardial and Central European LBK Cultures

Cited by 154 publications

References 59 publications

Early farmers from across Europe directly descended from Neolithic Aegeans

Early farmers from across Europe directly descended from Neolithic Aegeans

Using Stable Isotopes and a Bayesian Mixing Model (FRUITS) to Investigate Diet at the Early Neolithic Site of Carding Mill Bay, Scotland

The Beaker Phenomenon and the Genomic Transformation of Northwest Europe

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