“…All spots were pre-ablated for 2 s using a 75 μm spot, 20% laser power, and 10 Hz repletion rate to remove surface contamination (i.e., EPMA carbon coat). The quadrupole time-resolved method involved measurement of 22 analytes at one point per spectral peak, using the integration times of 10 ms ( 31 P and 89 Y), 20 ms ( 23 Na, 27 Al, 47 Ti, 55 Mn, 57 Fe, 75 As, 137 Ba, 153 Eu, 157 Gd, 159 Tb, 163 Dy, 165 Ho, 166 Er, 169 Tm, 172 Yb, and 175 Lu) or 30 ms ( 204 Pb, 208 Pb, 232 Th, and 238 U). The resulting sampling period (0.5062 s) corresponded to >90% detection time, enabling 118 measurements to be made within the dwell interval (60 s), conditions suitable for robust measurement [32].…”