A common role for astrocytes in rhythmic behaviours?

Broadhead, Matthew J.; Miles, Gareth B

doi:10.1016/j.pneurobio.2021.102052

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 252 publications

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“…Our own data supports this hypothesis given that synaptic loss coincides with EAAT2 loss. Astrocytes also contribute to bi-directional signalling mechanisms that help modulate spinal cord mediated motor behaviour through purinergic signalling [ 1 , 8 , 9 , 11 , 79 , 80 ]. Neuronal-derived glutamate released during locomotor network activity activates astrocytes through mGluR5 receptors, leading to ATP/adenosine release from astrocytes that inhibits neuronal activity through A 1 adenosine receptors [ 8 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selective vulnerability of tripartite synapses in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

et al. 2022

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Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder. Separate lines of evidence suggest that synapses and astrocytes play a role in the pathological mechanisms underlying ALS. Given that astrocytes make specialised contacts with some synapses, called tripartite synapses, we hypothesise that tripartite synapses could act as the fulcrum of disease in ALS. To test this hypothesis, we have performed an extensive microscopy-based investigation of synapses and tripartite synapses in the spinal cord of ALS model mice and post-mortem human tissue from ALS cases. We reveal widescale synaptic changes at the early symptomatic stages of the SOD1G93a mouse model. Super-resolution microscopy reveals that large complex postsynaptic structures are lost in ALS mice. Most surprisingly, tripartite synapses are selectively lost, while non-tripartite synapses remain in equal number to healthy controls. Finally, we also observe a similar selective loss of tripartite synapses in human post-mortem ALS spinal cords. From these data we conclude that tripartite synaptopathy is a key hallmark of ALS.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selective vulnerability of tripartite synapses in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

et al. 2022

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“…In contrast, Tac1-expressing neurons, involved in pain processing, responded to the same noxious stimuli with calcium spiking in sensory regions but did not respond to locomotion, suggesting that lamina-specific astrocyte activity depends on the Similarly, ventral astrocytes seem to play essential roles in controlling motor behavior. Studies on various central pattern generator (CPG) circuits suggest that bi-directional communication between astrocytes and neurons constrains CPG output within an optimal operating range and in a state-dependent manner (Broadhead & Miles, 2021;Nelson et al, 2019). Multiple mechanisms (e.g., ATP, S100β, K + , transporter expression/activity) have been proposed to mediate this inhibitory feedback enabling motor actions to be tailored to the animal's needs.…”

Section: Select Insights From Spinal Cord Recordingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A perspective on astrocyte regulation of neural circuit function and animal behavior

Hirrlinger

Nimmerjahn

2022

Glia

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Studies over the past two decades have demonstrated that astrocytes are tightly associated with neurons and play pivotal roles in neural circuit development, operation, and adaptation in health and disease. Nevertheless, precisely how astrocytes integrate diverse neuronal signals, modulate neural circuit structure and function at multiple temporal and spatial scales, and influence animal behavior or disease through aberrant excitation and molecular output remains unclear. This Perspective discusses how new and state‐of‐the‐art approaches, including fluorescence indicators, opto‐ and chemogenetic actuators, genetic targeting tools, quantitative behavioral assays, and computational methods, might help resolve these longstanding questions. It also addresses complicating factors in interpreting astrocytes' role in neural circuit regulation and animal behavior, such as their heterogeneity, metabolism, and inter‐glial communication. Research on these questions should provide a deeper mechanistic understanding of astrocyte‐neuron assemblies' role in neural circuit function, complex behaviors, and disease.

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“…As both hypoxia and hypercapnia modulate activities of breathing CPG, the functional role of astrocyte critically depends on the local circuit that they modulate (i.e., RTN or preBötC circuits). This diverse circuit-specific physiological function of astrocytes has been shown in other circuits, especially in circuits controlling rhythmic behaviors (Barca Mayo et al, 2019;Bellot-Saez et al, 2018;Bojarskaite et al, 2020;Broadhead & Miles, 2021;Christensen et al, 2013;Jackson et al, 2015;Jones et al, 2011;Khakh & Sofroniew, 2015;Mederos et al, 2021;Montalant et al, 2021). Not only that the function of astrocytes depends on the circuits that they are in, but also one astrocyte can release different transmitter molecules depending on neuronal signals (Covelo & Araque, 2018),…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Astrocytic modulation of central pattern generating motor circuits

Turk

Bishop

Adeck

et al. 2022

Glia

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Central pattern generators (CPGs) generate the rhythmic and coordinated neural features necessary for the proper conduction of complex behaviors. In particular, CPGs are crucial for complex motor behaviors such as locomotion, mastication, respiration, and vocal production. While the importance of these networks in modulating behavior is evident, the mechanisms driving these CPGs are still not fully understood. On the other hand, accumulating evidence suggests that astrocytes have a significant role in regulating the function of some of these CPGs. Here, we review the location, function, and role of astrocytes in locomotion, respiration, and mastication CPGs and propose that, similarly, astrocytes may also play a significant role in the vocalization CPG.

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A common role for astrocytes in rhythmic behaviours?

Cited by 13 publications

References 252 publications

Selective vulnerability of tripartite synapses in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Selective vulnerability of tripartite synapses in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

A perspective on astrocyte regulation of neural circuit function and animal behavior

Astrocytic modulation of central pattern generating motor circuits

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