A community prevalence study of antibodies to hepatitis A and E in inner-city London

Bernal, W.; Smith, H.M.; Williams, Roger

doi:10.1002/(sici)1096-9071(199607)49:3<230::aid-jmv12>3.0.co;2-g

Cited by 33 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…We found a seroprevalence rate of 16% in blood donors, which is similar to that in US blood donors [25] but quite different to the only previous study from the UK by Bernal et al [37], which reported a seroprevalence rate of 3.8% in individuals born in the UK and 8.8% in individuals born outside the UK. The disparity between our results and that of Bernal et al could have a number of explanations.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 69%

Autochthonous hepatitis E in Southwest England: natural history, complications and seasonal variation, and hepatitis E virus IgG seroprevalence in blood donors, the elderly and patients with chronic liver disease

Dalton¹,

Stableforth²,

Thurairajah

et al. 2008

European Journal of Gastroenterology & Hepatology

259

232

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 69%

Autochthonous hepatitis E in Southwest England: natural history, complications and seasonal variation, and hepatitis E virus IgG seroprevalence in blood donors, the elderly and patients with chronic liver disease

Dalton¹,

Stableforth²,

Thurairajah

et al. 2008

European Journal of Gastroenterology & Hepatology

259

232

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“…The seroprevalence among Swedish pig farmers exceeded the seroprevalence figures reported from European countries such as Great Britain [18], Italy [19], and the Netherlands [20]. These countries have reported a prevalence of anti-HEV from B/1% up to 9.3% in different populations such as blood donors and other possible high-risk groups.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Unexpected high prevalence of IgG-antibodies to hepatitis E virus in Swedish pig farmers and controls

Olsén

Axelsson-Olsson

Thelin

et al. 2006

Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases

117

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Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infections are responsible for large waterborne outbreaks in developing countries. Sporadic cases in the developed world are mainly imported via immigrants and travellers from endemic areas. HEV has been suggested to be a zoonotic infection where pigs may be an important reservoir for the disease and specific swine strains of HEV have been identified which can infect also humans. The aim of this study was to analyse if Swedish pig farmers are more exposed to HEV than persons with other occupations. A total of 115 male pig farmers aged 40-60 y and 108 age- and geographically- matched control subjects were tested for IgG anti-HEV antibodies. No statistical difference in anti-HEV prevalence was noted between pig farmers (13.0%) and control subjects (9.3%). The prevalence of anti-HEV antibodies in the pig farmers and controls was higher than that previously reported among other populations in Europe (<1-9%). Further studies are needed to elucidate the routes for infection of indigenous HEV and if sub-clinical infections with pig associated HEV strains occur in Sweden.

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“…In heterogeneous populations, particularly those with immigrants, the overall prevalence of anti-HAV is predictably higher and differs with birthplace. For example, 45% of U.K.-born Londoners are anti-HAV positive but 70% of those born in a foreign country are positive (30). Intermediate rates of seropositivity are found in the Mediterranean.…”

Section: Why Prevent Hepatitis A?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis A: Old and New

2001

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The hepatitis A virus (HAV), a picornavirus, is a common cause of hepatitis worldwide. Spread of infection is generally person to person or by oral intake after fecal contamination of skin or mucous membranes; less commonly, there is fecal contamination of food or water. Hepatitis A is endemic in developing countries, and most residents are exposed in childhood. In contrast, the adult population in developed countries demonstrates falling rates of exposure with improvements in hygiene and sanitation. The export of food that cannot be sterilized, from countries of high endemicity to areas with low rates of infection, is a potentially important source of infection. After ingestion and uptake from the gastrointestinal tract, the virus replicates in the liver and is excreted into the bile. Cellular immune responses to the virus lead to destruction of infected hepatocytes with consequent development of symptoms and signs of disease. Humoral immune responses are the basis for diagnostic serologic assays. Acute HAV infection is clinically indistinguishable from other causes of acute viral hepatitis. In young children the disease is often asymptomatic, whereas in older children and adults there may be a range of clinical manifestations from mild, anicteric infection to fulminant hepatic failure. Clinical variants include prolonged, relapsing, and cholestatic forms. Management of the acute illness is supportive, and complete recovery without sequelae is the usual outcome. Research efforts during World War II led to the development of passive immunoprophylaxis. Pooled immune serum globulin is efficacious in the prevention and attenuation of disease in exposed individuals. More recently, active immunoprophylaxis by vaccination has been accomplished. Future eradication of this disease can now be contemplated

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A community prevalence study of antibodies to hepatitis A and E in inner-city London

Cited by 33 publications

References 15 publications

Autochthonous hepatitis E in Southwest England: natural history, complications and seasonal variation, and hepatitis E virus IgG seroprevalence in blood donors, the elderly and patients with chronic liver disease

Autochthonous hepatitis E in Southwest England: natural history, complications and seasonal variation, and hepatitis E virus IgG seroprevalence in blood donors, the elderly and patients with chronic liver disease

Unexpected high prevalence of IgG-antibodies to hepatitis E virus in Swedish pig farmers and controls

Hepatitis A: Old and New

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