“…As shown in Figure A, the MC is axially illuminated by an UV-LED (i.e., axial-excitation), and the generated fluorescence is guided along the capillary and then detected at the outlet of the capillary (i.e., axial-collection). The MC, ISCS, and photodetector were placed closely, so a high collection efficiency of the optical signal between the MC and photodetector of the ISCS-FS apparatus can be realized. , When the ISCS (including the TEP filter and LVF) is moved in front of the photodetector, the TEP signal and fluorescence spectrum can be scanned in sequence. Finally, in order to avoid the saturation of the photodetector (fW sensitivity), the TEP was attenuated by a long-pass filter at the MC outlet (Figure A) and a neutral density filter (attached on the TEP filter in ISCS) with an attenuation coefficient of ∼10 4 and ∼20, respectively…”