A Compact Mach–Zehnder Interferometer Using Composite Plasmonic Waveguide for Ethanol Vapor Sensing

Ghosh, Souvik; Rahman, B. M. A.

doi:10.1109/jlt.2017.2703827

Cited by 15 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Besides, these attractive nanoplasmonic modal natures with different light guiding conditions gives intuitive ideas in design and fabrication of complex plasmonic devices, such as logic gates, switch, BUS router, modulator and nanowire laser. An appropriate selection of background dielectric materials and metal nanowire design parameters could lead to control the long-range subwavelength confined plasmonic modes and their incorporation in compact integrated plasmonic and hybrid plasmonic active and passive nanophotonic circuits [21], [22], polarization controlling devices [7], [22], nonlinear [23] and sensing [8], [9], [22], [24] applications. From 1976 to 1979, he was a Lecturer in the Department of Electrical Engineering, BUET.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Their phase matching and evolutions are more complex. This in turn requires a methodical investigation of pure plasmonic modal properties to design the compact long-range plasmonic and hybrid plasmonic waveguides [4], [5] of the future to exploit the unique features of SPPs in the applications of nano-dimensional passive waveguides, devices [6], [7], and for bio-chemical [8] and gas sensing [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evolution of Plasmonic Modes in a Metal Nano-Wire Studied by a Modified Finite Element Method

Ghosh

Rahman

2018

J. Lightwave Technol.

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This is the accepted version of the paper.This version of the publication may differ from the final published version. This article has been accepted for publication in a future issue of this journal, but has not been fully edited. Content may change prior to final publication. Citation information: DOI 10.1109/JLT.2017.2782710, Journal of Lightwave Technology  Abstract-A finite width thin metal film plasmonic nanowire with its unique feature of sub-wavelength light guiding is finding many applications in compact integrated nanophotonic circuits and sensors. Full-vectorial finite element method (FV-FEM) is becoming an important simulation tool for the analyses of such exotic waveguides. Instead of a penalty approach reported earlier, a more direct divergence formulation considering each discretized element's optical properties to eliminate non-physical modal eigenvectors has been exploited and is reported here. Long and short-range fundamental and higher order plasmonic modes and supermodes of a pure metal nanowire and their evolutions with waveguide geometry, surrounding identical and non-identical dielectric cladding materials and operating wavelength are thoroughly studied. Interesting long-range modal properties such as, supermode formation, complex phase matching and mode evolution in identical and non-identical clad metal nanowires have been observed and explained in detail including supermode profiles. This study is expected to help in understanding the evolution of plasmonic guided modes in compact active and passive integrated photonic devices containing metal narrow strips. Permanent repository link

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of Plasmonic Modes in a Metal Nano-Wire Studied by a Modified Finite Element Method

Ghosh

Rahman

2018

J. Lightwave Technol.

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“…In most cases, the PDEs for plasmonic problems are much complex to be solved by using conventional analytical and semianalytical approaches. Our in-house H-field based full-vectorial finite element method (FV-FEM) has been developed [45] and refined [34,44,46,47] over last thirty years is used for modal solutions. The variational formulation used for FV-FEM is modified by considering local dielectric constant of each discretized element for the elimination of spurious modes, particularly useful for plasmonic waveguides [44,47] so that their Euler equations not only follow the Helmholtz's equation but also satisfy the Maxwell's divergence equation.…”

Section: Design Principlementioning

confidence: 99%

“…By considering the TOC ( / ), the variation of isopropanol refractive index with temperature is obtained by, = 0 + ( − 0 ) / , where 0 and are the refractive indices of the isopropanol at a known and desired temperature 0 and , respectively. Additionally, the refractive index variation of isopropanol/water solution depends on the volume concentration of isopropanol and is determined by using the Lorentz-Lorenz equation [44] for a binary solution.…”

Section: Waveguide Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, the dominant quasi-TM mode suffers less scattering loss as the horizontal interfaces are relatively smoother due to the wet-etching technology used. Thus, the horizontal dielectric slot suffers lower loss [40] compared to vertical one and higher sensitivity in bio-chemical and gas sensing applications [41][42][43][44]. The waveguide design parameters optimizations for the maximum sensitivity have been investigated by using our in-house accurate full-vectorial finite element method (FV-FEM).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Design of on-chip hybrid plasmonic Mach-Zehnder interferometer for temperature and concentration detection of chemical solution

Ghosh

Rahman²

2019

Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical

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Highlights• A novel metal strip loaded horizontal slot hybrid plasmonic waveguide with a refractometric sensitivity of 1.13 is proposed.• Optimized waveguide design shows a high 59.23% and 82.04% quasi-TM field confinement in the slot and sensing (slot + clad) region, respectively.• A compact Mach-Zehnder interferometer is designed for detection of temperature and volume concentration of isopropanol/water solution, although it is also suitable for any other liquid chemical.• Asymmetric power splitting scheme enhances the interference fringe visibility to the ideal value ( ′ ≃ 1).• A single on-chip sensor design shows a high temperature sensitivity of 243.9 pm/ o C and volume concentration sensitivity of 437.3 nm/RIU.• The device incorporates a simple design scheme which is highly resilient to the fabrication tolerances. AbstractWe report a compact lab-on-chip design of a Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) incorporating a novel metal strip loaded horizontal slot hybrid plasmonic waveguide (HSHPW) in the sensing arm and a dielectric horizontal slot (DHS) waveguide in the reference arm. The HSHPW is optimized to confine a high ~60% and ~82% evanescent optical field in the low index dielectric slot and an active sensing region, respectively which enhance the device sensitivity with a comparative lower propagation loss than a typical plasmonic waveguide. We report here a single MZI configuration which not only exhibits an excellent temperature sensitivity of 243.9 pm/ o C but also liquid concentration sensitivity of 437.3 nm/RIU for a 40 m long HSHPW. To mitigate loss arising from each section such as butt coupling and plasmonic modal losses, the HSHPW has been optimized by incorporating an asymmetric power splitter which shows a considerable improvement in the fringe visibility and device insertion loss. Thus, the proposed single MZI design shows an excellent response to the temperature and liquid concentration sensing with a maximum total loss and extinction ratio of 2.56 dB and >25 dB, respectively. A much simpler CMOS friendly compact design is also found to have a great robustness to the fabrication tolerances.

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Compact Photonic SOI Sensors

Ghosh

Dar

Viphavakit

et al. 2018

Computational Photonic Sensors

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A Compact Mach–Zehnder Interferometer Using Composite Plasmonic Waveguide for Ethanol Vapor Sensing

Abstract: This is the accepted version of the paper.This version of the publication may differ from the final published version. Permanent repository link:

Cited by 15 publications

References 34 publications

Evolution of Plasmonic Modes in a Metal Nano-Wire Studied by a Modified Finite Element Method

Evolution of Plasmonic Modes in a Metal Nano-Wire Studied by a Modified Finite Element Method

Design of on-chip hybrid plasmonic Mach-Zehnder interferometer for temperature and concentration detection of chemical solution

Compact Photonic SOI Sensors

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