A compact radiological X-ray source

Bacal, M.; Gaudin, C.; Bourdier, A.; Bruneteau, J.; Buzzi, Jérôme; Golovanivsky, K. S.; Hay, L.; Rouillé, C.; Schwartz, Laurent

doi:10.1038/384421a0

Cited by 27 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…(8), we considered kT cold = 1 keV, kT hot = 20 keV, and the value x = 0.1. The choice of these temperature values was guided by a survey of temperature measurements from the electrons in the plasma of a variety of ECRIS [5,11,56,[77][78][79][80], with both smaller and higher microwave frequency (2.45-28 GHz) and a large variety of mirror ratios (2.4-11) for the source considered here, with conventional, permanent, or superconducting magnets.…”

Section: Application To a Sulfur Plasmamentioning

confidence: 99%

X-ray-spectroscopy analysis of electron-cyclotron-resonance ion-source plasmas

et al. 2010

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Analysis of x-ray spectra emitted by highly charged ions in an electron-cyclotron-resonance ion source (ECRIS) may be used as a tool to estimate the charge-state distribution (CSD) in the source plasma. For that purpose, knowledge of the electron energy distribution in the plasma, as well as the most important processes leading to the creation and de-excitation of ionic excited states are needed. In this work we present a method to estimate the ion CSD in an ECRIS through the analysis of the x-ray spectra emitted by the plasma. The method is applied to the analysis of a sulfur ECRIS plasma.

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Section: Application To a Sulfur Plasmamentioning

confidence: 99%

X-ray-spectroscopy analysis of electron-cyclotron-resonance ion-source plasmas

et al. 2010

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“…Using the attenuation measurement technique, the average photon energy was estimated to be 55 keV and the estimated target current was only 0.1 nA. In a recent article, a compact x-ray source using ECR plasma, is described by Bacal et al 23 This device does not have any filament. An ECR argon plasma is produced in a cylindrical cavity which has a microwave input, a target, and a permanent magnet.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In recent years, the ECR technique has been used for the production of x-rays. [22][23][24][25][26][27] The microwave source ͑frequency and power͒ used in ECR plasma x-ray source is similar to that of microwave ion source/plasma deposition systems. It is to be noted that the magnetic field configuration is different in ECR x-ray source compared to other ECR plasma devices and also, here the plasma is produced in a cavity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental studies on a compact electron cyclotron resonance plasma x-ray source

Baskaran

Selvakumaran

1999

Review of Scientific Instruments

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A compact electron cyclotron resonance plasma x-ray source, which has a potential use for medical imaging is presented in this article. In this article, the experimental system and the characterization studies on plasma and x ray are presented. Using a Langmuir probe, the plasma parameters are measured for different magnetic field profiles and gas pressures. The x-ray spectrum is obtained for various gas pressures and magnetic field profiles. In the x-ray spectrum, the Bremstrahlung radiation, peaking at 20–60 keV is observed and the final energy of the x ray is extended up to ∼200 keV. Thermo luminescence dosimeter (CaSO4 sample) is used for estimating the dose at the port and these results are presented for typical x-ray spectra. Using a teletector, the dose at the port for various coil current is measured and these are compared with the estimated dose obtained from the x-ray spectrum.

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“…1,2 The ECR x-ray source is being used as a low-level radiation source in the low energy range ͑Ͻ150 keV͒, 3 a portable medical imaging unit, 4 and a nondestructive evaluation unit. In recent years, the ECR technique has also been used for the production of x-rays.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurements and analysis of bremsstrahlung x-ray spectrum obtained in NANOGAN electron cyclotron resonance ion source

Baskaran

Selvakumaran

Rodrigues

et al. 2008

Review of Scientific Instruments

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From the ECR plasma, hot electrons leak across the magnetic lines of force and by striking the plasma chamber produce bremsstrahlung x-rays. The wall bremsstrahlung gives information on the confinement status of hot electron. In our studies, experimental measurements are carried out in NANOGAN electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) ion source for the wall bremsstrahlung x-rays and the results are presented. While optimizing a particular charge state in ECR ion source, experimental parameters are adjusted to get a maximum current. The wall bremsstrahlung components are studied in these cases for understanding the hot electron confinement conditions.

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A compact radiological X-ray source

Cited by 27 publications

References 3 publications

X-ray-spectroscopy analysis of electron-cyclotron-resonance ion-source plasmas

X-ray-spectroscopy analysis of electron-cyclotron-resonance ion-source plasmas

Experimental studies on a compact electron cyclotron resonance plasma x-ray source

Measurements and analysis of bremsstrahlung x-ray spectrum obtained in NANOGAN electron cyclotron resonance ion source

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