A comparative analysis of cytosolic Na+ changes under salinity between halophyte quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) and glycophyte pea (Pisum sativum)

Sun, Yujie; Lindberg, Sylvia; Shabala, Lana; Morgan, Sherif H.; Shabala, Sergey; Jacobsen, Sven‐Erik

doi:10.1016/j.envexpbot.2017.07.003

Cited by 37 publications

(33 citation statements)

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“…Being halophytic, quinoa compartmentalizes most of the Na + and Cl − in vacuole to retain their cytosolic content below the toxic level (Adolf et al ). Sun et al () revealed that quinoa achieves salt tolerance (100 mM of NaCl) by a rapid exclusion of Na + from the cytosol. Meanwhile, the Na + and Cl − toxic cytosolic levels are still not defined in quinoa and for many other species, and this undergoing debate is a priority area of research (Munns and Gilliham ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Being halophytic, quinoa compartmentalizes most of the Na + and Cl − in vacuole to retain their cytosolic content below the toxic level (Adolf et al 2013). Sun et al (2017) revealed that quinoa achieves salt tolerance (100 mM of NaCl) by Fig. 3.…”

Section: High K + Retention In Leaves Imparts Ionic Regulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For instance, salt stress induces multiple injuries in quinoa such as reduced stomatal conductance and photosyntheis (Miranda‐Apodaca et al ), loss of membrane stability, increased lipid peroxidation, chlorophyll degradation (Amjad et al ) and oxidative damages, as observed by a higher ratio of electron transport rate to gross CO 2 assimilation. Salinity stress causes ionic toxicity through an increased ion concentration in the cytosol, modulates gene regulatory networks (Orsini et al , Ruiz et al , Sun et al ) and alters morphological traits of quinoa such as lower stomata density and size (Orsini et al , Shabala et al , Shabala et al ). Overall, salinity causes ionic toxicity and osmotic stress, which disturbs the cytosolic antioxidative defensive mechanism, oxidative damages and nutritional imbalance, all negatively affecting the crop growth and development which leads to reduced crop performance and yield loss (Farooq et al , Hussain et al ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Soil drenching of paclobutrazol: An efficient way to improve quinoa performance under salinity

Waqas

Chen

Iqbal

et al. 2018

Physiologia Plantarum

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Salinity extent and severity is rising because of poor management practices on agricultural lands, possibility lies to grow salt-tolerant crops with better management techniques. Therefore, a highly nutritive salt-tolerant crop quinoa with immense potential to contribute for future food security was selected for this investigation. Soil drenching of paclobutrazol (PBZ; 20 mg l ) was used to understand the ionic relations, gaseous exchange characteristics, oxidative defense system and yield under saline conditions (400 mM NaCl) including normal (0 mM NaCl) and no PBZ (0 mg l ) as controls. The results revealed that salinity stress reduced the growth and yield of quinoa through perturbing ionic homeostasis with the consequences of overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), oxidative damages and reduced photosynthesis. PBZ improved the quinoa performance through regulation of ionic homeostasis by decreasing Na , Cl , while improving K , Mg and Ca concentration. It also enhanced the antioxidative system including ascorbic acid, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, polyphenol oxidase and glutathione peroxidase, which scavenged the ROS (H O and O ) and lowered the oxidative damages (malondialdehyde level) under salinity in roots and more specifically in leaf tissues. The photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance consequently improved (16 and 21%, respectively) in salt-stressed quinoa PBZ-treated compared to the non-treated ones and contributed to the improvement of panicle length (33%), 100-grain weight (8%) and grain yield (38%). Therefore, PBZ can be opted as a shotgun approach to improve quinoa performance and other crops under high saline conditions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: High K + Retention In Leaves Imparts Ionic Regulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Soil drenching of paclobutrazol: An efficient way to improve quinoa performance under salinity

Waqas

Chen

Iqbal

et al. 2018

Physiologia Plantarum

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“…SOS1 is driven by the sharp H + gradients mediated by H + ‐translocating ATPase, which are located in the endodermis. ABA enhances H + extrusion into the xylem (Clarkson and Hanson ), and therefore it may increase the activity of SOS1 (Sun et al ). Different patterns of synthesis and/or sensitivity of ABA in response to osmotic stress in rice and barley plants were suggested in the previous section that can also influence on a degree of xylem Na + loading through SOS1 for the osmotic adjustment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Control of xylem Na⁺ loading and transport to the shoot in rice and barley as a determinant of differential salinity stress tolerance

Ishikawa

Shabala

2018

Physiologia Plantarum

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Control of xylem Na loading has often been named as the essential component of salinity tolerance mechanism. However, it is less clear to what extent the difference in this trait may determine differential salinity tolerance between species. In this study, barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. CM72) and rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. Dongjin) plants were grown under two levels of salinity. Na and K concentrations in the xylem sap, and shoot and root tissues were measured at different time points after stress onset. Salt-exposed rice plants prevented xylem Na loading for several days, but failed to control this process in the longer term, ultimately resulting in a massive Na shoot loading. Barley plants quickly increased xylem Na concentration and its delivery to the shoot (most likely for the purpose of osmotic adjustment) but were able to reduce this process later on, keeping most of accumulated Na in the root, thus maintaining non-toxic shoot Na level. Rice plants increased shoot K concentration, while barley plants maintained higher root K concentration. Control of xylem Na loading is remarkably different between rice and barley; this difference may differentiate the extent of the salinity tolerance between species. This trait should be investigated in more detail to be used in the breeding programs aimed to improve salinity tolerance in crops.

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“…This (3) increases the cytosolic pH and (4) stimulates the activity of the Cltransporter. (5) The activity of the Cl -/2H + symporter places an acid load on the cytosol (as a result of >1 H + per 1 Climported) and the cytosolic pH returns to a level close to the initial pH value [83]. Other low and high affinity NO 3 transport pathways, which are also regulated by the CBL/CPK pathway (reviewed in [84,85]) and facilitate NO 3 uptake, are not shown in the figure.…”

Section: Do Chloride Transporters Differ Between Halophytes and Non-hmentioning

confidence: 99%

Friend or Foe? Chloride Patterning in Halophytes

Bazihizina

Colmer

Cuin

et al. 2019

Trends in Plant Science

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In this opinion article, we challenge the traditional view that breeding for reduced Cluptake would benefit plant salinity tolerance. A negative correlation between shoot Clconcentration and plant biomass does not hold for halophytes, naturally salt tolerant species. We argue that under physiologically relevant conditions, Cluptake requires plants to invest metabolic energy, and that the poor selectivity of Cl-transporting proteins may explain the reported negative correlation between Claccumulation and crop salinity tolerance. We propose a new paradigm: salinity tolerance could be achieved by improving the selectivity of some of the broadlyselective anion-transporting proteins (e.g. for NO 3-> Cl-), alongside tight control of Cluptake, rather than targeting traits mediating its efflux from the root. Chloride-A Toxin or a Beneficial Osmoticum? The physiological and molecular mechanisms conferring plant salinity tolerance have been intensively studied over the last four decades. Most investigations have focused on Na + , but the past few years have witnessed a 'renaissance period' for Clresearch. This interest is mainly driven by the need to fully understand the role of Clas a nutrient and its conflicting role in limiting plant growth in saline soils [1-5]. However, this current attention on the role of Clin plant salinity responses has concentrated on non-halophytes. Is Cl-, when present at high concentrations in cells, 'toxic' to all plants and via what mechanism(s) (see Outstanding Questions)? Is plant breeding for Clexclusion (see Glossary) the best way to proceed? For Na + , studies on halophytes have instigated a paradigm shift in the suggested approach to crop breeding for salt tolerance [6]. Should this be considered also for Cl-? We argue here that halophytes require Clas an osmoticum for growth and invest metabolic energy for its uptake, even under saline conditions. We then discuss the molecular identity and regulation of Cltransport proteins in halophytes as well as the implications of these findings for breeding salt tolerant plants. Should Chloride be Excluded? In non-halophytes, the current notion is that Clexclusion from the shoot (either from the root epidermis or the xylem) is crucial for salt tolerance [1, 3, 7-12]. These arguments are supported by findings in some salt-sensitive species that high shoot Cllevels correlate with severe physiological dysfunctions that not only affect yield but also the quality and edibility of non-halophytic crops [4, 13, 14]. Nonetheless, tissue Clconcentrations in halophytes can exceed 500 mM [15, 16]. In some extreme dicotyledonous halophytes (including those that do not rely on salt glands or bladders for ion homeostasis), viable shoot tissues can contain more than 1.5 M Cl-[17, 18]. Thus, the reported negative correlation between shoot Clconcentration and plant biomass in some salt-grown non-halophytes does not hold for halophytes (Fig 1). The physiological rationale behind the high shoot Clconcentrations in halophytes is, first, that accumulating Clis energet...

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A comparative analysis of cytosolic Na+ changes under salinity between halophyte quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) and glycophyte pea (Pisum sativum)

Cited by 37 publications

References 53 publications

Soil drenching of paclobutrazol: An efficient way to improve quinoa performance under salinity

Soil drenching of paclobutrazol: An efficient way to improve quinoa performance under salinity

Control of xylem Na⁺ loading and transport to the shoot in rice and barley as a determinant of differential salinity stress tolerance

Friend or Foe? Chloride Patterning in Halophytes

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A comparative analysis of cytosolic Na+ changes under salinity between halophyte quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) and glycophyte pea (Pisum sativum)

Cited by 37 publications

References 53 publications

Soil drenching of paclobutrazol: An efficient way to improve quinoa performance under salinity

Soil drenching of paclobutrazol: An efficient way to improve quinoa performance under salinity

Control of xylem Na+ loading and transport to the shoot in rice and barley as a determinant of differential salinity stress tolerance

Friend or Foe? Chloride Patterning in Halophytes

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Control of xylem Na⁺ loading and transport to the shoot in rice and barley as a determinant of differential salinity stress tolerance