A comparative analysis of regulations for the geologic storage of carbon dioxide

Risk assessment and management frameworks for carbon capture and geological storage: a global perspective

“…Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is a technological process that could reduce industrial point source greenhouse gas emissions that contribute to climate change (IEA, 2009(IEA, , 2013(IEA, , 2016IPCC, 2005IPCC, , 2014. In order to promote its uptake worldwide, stakeholders have repeatedly identified the need for a legal and regulatory framework within international, regional, national and sub-national jurisdictions (Baker and McKenzie, 2011;Carbon Sequestration Leadership Forum, 2013;CO 2 Capture Project, 2010Condor et al, 2011a;GCCSI, 2010GCCSI, , 2013GCCSI, , 2014IEA, 2009IEA, , 2010aIEA, , 2010bIEA, , 2011IEA, , 2013IEA, , 2018Keith et al, 2005;Klass and Wilson, 2008;Leiss and Krewski, 2019;Pollak and Wilson, 2009;US Environmental Protection Agency, 2010;Wilson et al, 2003). Issues include carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) ownership, liability, emission credits and project funding; health and environmental protection; public engagement; monitoring; and provisions specific to cross-border contexts.…”

“…With a focus on environmental and human health risk assessment and risk management (RA/RM), both regulators and non-government organisations have published elaborated frameworks and guidance documents aimed at ensuring safe and effective project development and operations. Previous analysis of RA/RM provisions was completed for the London and OSPAR Conventions, the then-draft European Union CCS Directive, then-draft USEPA Underground Injection Control Program rule and national and sub-national provisions in Canada and Australia (Condor et al, 2011a(Condor et al, , 2011bForbes et al, 2009;Stenhouse et al, 2009). Pollak and Wilson (2009) compared three regulatory approaches, including provisions for performance objectives and RA then being developed for the EPA and two states.…”