A comparative assessment of biomass ash preparation methods using X-ray fluorescence and wet chemical analysis

Xing, Pengfei; Mason, Patrick E.; Chilton, Stephen; Lloyd, S. J.; Jones, James C. Peyton; Williams, Alan; Nimmo, W.; Pourkashanian, Mohamed

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2016.05.081

Cited by 49 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Ashing was performed in an electric furnace at a temperature of 550 • C for 2 h, then removed and mixed to allow homogeneity. The samples were then further heated to 850 • C and sustained for a further 2 h to reduce potassium devolatilisation, as described in [62]. The resulting ashes were placed into a desiccator, ground by pestle and mortar, and subsequently sieved using a 106 µm aperture.…”

Section: Metal and Inorganics Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Integration of Hydrothermal Carbonisation with Anaerobic Digestion; Opportunities for Valorisation of Digestate

2019

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Hydrothermal carbonisation (HTC) has been identified as a potential route for digestate enhancement producing a solid hydrochar and a process water rich in organic carbon. This study compares the treatment of four dissimilar digestates from anaerobic digestion (AD) of agricultural residue (AGR); sewage sludge (SS); residual municipal solid waste (MSW), and vegetable, garden, and fruit waste (VGF). HTC experiments were performed at 150, 200 and 250 °C for 1 h using 10%, 20%, and 30% solid loadings of a fixed water mass. The effect of temperature and solid loading to the properties of biocoal and biochemical methane potential (BMP) of process waters are investigated. Results show that the behaviour of digestate during HTC is feedstock dependent and the hydrochar produced is a poor-quality solid fuel. The AGR digestate produced the greatest higher heating value (HHV) of 24 MJ/kg, however its biocoal properties are poor due to slagging and fouling propensities. The SS digestate process water produced the highest amount of biogas at 200 °C and 30% solid loading. This study concludes that solely treating digestate via HTC enhances biogas production and that hydrochar be investigated for its use as a soil amender.

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Section: Metal and Inorganics Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Integration of Hydrothermal Carbonisation with Anaerobic Digestion; Opportunities for Valorisation of Digestate

2019

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“…High ash content significantly reduces the energy efficiency obtained from a specific source of biomass. The ash-forming temperature and speed are influenced by the ash properties and composition [15,16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Biomass Incineration Temperature on the Content of Selected Heavy Metals in the Ash Used for Fertilizing Purposes

2019

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This article presents the influence of ash-forming temperature on ash content and the content of selected heavy metals. The biomasses most commonly used in low-power heating boilers, such as miscant, oak, pine, sunflower husk, wheat straw and willow, were selected for the research. The biomass was incinerated at temperatures of 600 °C, 700 °C, 800 °C, 900 °C and 1000 °C, using the X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometer (XRF) for the measurement of element content. The results show that the content of heavy metals in the examined ash was not excessive and could not be considered as potentially dangerous. As the ash-forming temperature increased, the content of Zn, Cd, Cu and Pb decreased, which indicates that, at higher temperatures, they went into the gas phase. Cr, Ni and Fe were thermally stable and less volatile, thus the ashes were enriched with them as the ash-forming temperature increased.

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“…A semi-quantitative X-ray fluorescence spectrometer (XRF) is widely used to analyze inorganic non-metallic materials. The XRF can measure various kinds of elements contents in the sample of biomass ash at one time [22,26,36,41]. Thus, to obtain the solubilities of various main nutrient elements in the rice straw ash, these elements contents in the original rice straw ash and the acid-insoluble rice straw ash were measured using the semi-quantitative ZSX-100e XRF analyzer.…”

Section: Element Content Measurement In Ashesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In China, rice accounts for about 40% of the total agricultural products according to the statistical data of Food and Agriculture Organization of the United States, meaning that a large amount of biomass ashes are produced from the burning of rice straw every year. Biomass ash properties are significantly affected by the combustion temperature or ashing temperature [26][27][28][29][30][31][32]. Effects of the temperature on the water solubilities of rice residue ashes or ash-forming elements have been investigated by some scholars.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparisons of Acid and Water Solubilities of Rice Straw Ash Together with Its Major Ash-Forming Elements at Different Ashing Temperatures: An Experimental Study

Zhang

Wei

et al. 2019

Sustainability

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Recycling utilization of straw ash as a fertilizer in farmland is expected to play an important role in the sustainable development of both agriculture and biomass energy. However, the ashing temperature and the aqueous solution characteristics may affect the recycling properties of the nutrients contained in the ash. The solubilities of both the ash and its elements can represent the above recycling properties. This paper presents a systematic experimental investigation on the acid solubilities of both rice straw ash and its major elements produced from combustion at 400–800 °C, and these findings are compared with the corresponding water solubilities obtained from the authors’ previous work. Meanwhile, the correlations of two solubilities with the ashing temperature were given based on the experimental data. Results show that the acid solubility of rice straw ash decreases linearly by approximately 76% as the ashing temperature increases from 400 to 800 °C, while it is significantly higher than the corresponding water solubility at different temperatures. The acid solubilities of K, P, Ca, Mg, and Na are higher than their water solubilities, whereas two solubilities of S and Cl have almost no dependence on the temperature and the acidity of solution. This study also reveals a strong negative linear relationship between the solubility of K and the temperature. The solubilities of other elements (P, S, Na, Ca, Mg, and Cl) with the temperature have quadratic curve or cubic curve relationships. Furthermore, it is recommended that the ashing temperature should be lower than 600 °C to avoid the loss of some nutrients in the straw ash.

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A comparative assessment of biomass ash preparation methods using X-ray fluorescence and wet chemical analysis

Cited by 49 publications

References 7 publications

Integration of Hydrothermal Carbonisation with Anaerobic Digestion; Opportunities for Valorisation of Digestate

Integration of Hydrothermal Carbonisation with Anaerobic Digestion; Opportunities for Valorisation of Digestate

Influence of Biomass Incineration Temperature on the Content of Selected Heavy Metals in the Ash Used for Fertilizing Purposes

Comparisons of Acid and Water Solubilities of Rice Straw Ash Together with Its Major Ash-Forming Elements at Different Ashing Temperatures: An Experimental Study

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