A comparative assessment of potentially harmful metals in the Lagos Lagoon and Ogun river catchment

Abstract

Metals are one of the most common pollutants of surface water around the world. The anthropogenic contribution to aquatic metal pollution is of global concern. This study investigates the levels of Ca, Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb, Ni and Zn in surface water and sediments in the Lagos lagoon (Ibafon-Apapa, University of Lagos waterfront, UWF) and Ogun river catchment at Agiliti-Ketu. The metal concentrations were determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Ibafon-Apapa generally, accounted for the highest concentrations of metals in both water and sediment samples. The ranges of concentrations (µg/g) of metals in sediment samples were: 0.08 ± 0.05–2140.64 ± 1981.54, ND-7.19 ± 7.32, 4.59 ± 2.46–78.95 ± 49.15, 3276.22 ± 2059.57–25,307.60 ± 8759.66, 255.73 ± 98.54–4651.0 ± 1672.60, 19.84 ± 10.23–228.50 ± 84.17, 4.51 ± 4.02–24.45 ± 22.78 for Ca, Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb and Zn, respectively. Ni occurred in the water and sediment samples below the detection limit. The water and sediments samples from UWF have mean pH values of 7.71 ± 0.07 and 6.61 ± 0.40, respectively, which are higher than that of Agiliti-Ketu (7.65 ± 0.06 and 6.58 ± 0.95) and Ibafon-Apapa (7.60 ± 0.39 and 4.20 ± 0.50), respectively. The highest values for electrical conductivity (EC) was recorded in Ibafon-Apapa (8.54 ± 1.27 μS/cm) followed by UWF (6.50 ± 2.16 μS/cm) and Agiliti-Ketu (0.28 ± 0.40 μS/cm), respectively. The relatively high values of EC and total dissolved solids (TDS) in the Ibafon-Apapa and UWF axis of the Lagos lagoon is an indication of the brackish nature of the lagoon, while the low mean values of EC (0.28 ± 0.40 μS/cm) and TDS (78.0 ± 13.04 mg/L) recorded for Agiliti-Ketu is a pointer to the freshwater attribute of the water. Cd, Mn, Fe and Pb were found to exceed the WHO limit for drinking water. Results were compared with global background values. Cadmium, manganese, iron and lead levels in the water and sediments samples revealed metals pollution. Statistical analysis of variance and t-test were used to analyze the data obtained. Metals pollution source control is recommended.

Accumulation and health effects of endocrine disrupting metals in ground and surface water in Lagos and Ogun, Nigeria

“…Animals and plants are also at risk (UN, 2020; Cunningham & Cunningham, 2021). The global situation is getting worse in rural and urban centers due to population growth, urbanization and the increase in domestic and industrial water use (Chorol & Gupta, 2022;Adeniyi et al, 2023). The World Health Organization report projected that by the year 2025; nearly 2 billion people will be living in countries or regions with absolute water shortage (Cunningham and Cunningham, 2021).…”

“…The ground water dry season pH for Okokomaiko and Avia; dry season surface water pH values for Odo-eran, Festac bridge, NEPA road and Avia are outside the WHO guideline pH limit of 6.50-8.50 for drinking water (WHO 2011). These values depict the unwholesomeness of water in these Lagos locations (Adeniyi and Giwa 2021;Adeniyi et al 2023). The Ogun ground and surface pH values are presented in Tables15 and 16.…”