A comparative driving safety study of mountainous expressway individual tunnel and tunnel group based on eye gaze behavior

Shang, Ting; Qi, Hong-jiao; Huang, An; Liu, Tangzhi

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0263835

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Figure 8 shows the impact of vehicle speed and position on MTPA during the process of driving out of a long tunnel. It can be seen that the variation range of the MTPA value is (15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20) in stage 3, suddenly increases to (25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35) in stage 4, and decreases to (5-15) in stage 5. Comparing the height of the MTPA in the three sub-graphs, it can be found that the MTPA value has experienced a significant increase from stage 3 to stage 4, and then a drastic decrease from stage 4 to stage 5 when the vehicle leaves the long tunnel.…”

Section: E Effect Of Speed and Position On Mtpamentioning

confidence: 96%

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Traffic Safety Optimization Strategy of Mountainous Highway Tunnel Based on GA-SVR Visual Load Model

Shang

Bao

et al. 2022

Journal of Advanced Transportation

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Improving the driving safety of mountainous highway tunnels has become an urgent problem in China, while the existing literature pays more attention to the safety of urban tunnels. From the perspective of visual load, this paper built a GA-SVR model to analyze the influences of speed, design brightness, measured brightness, and position in the Gaogu long tunnel. The results show the following: firstly, the changes of MTPA in the long mountainous highway tunnels can be divided into five stages, which is different from the three-stage division of urban tunnels; secondly, the influencing degree of factors was varied in different stages: the position factor mattered most in stages 1, 2, 4, and 5, while the design brightness had the greatest impact in stage 3; thirdly, the driver’s psychological pressure was greatest on the entrance and exit section of the tunnel; lastly, the increased length of mountainous highway tunnels and the long-term enclosed driving environment made the psychological load of drivers intensified. Therefore, it was necessary for the mountainous highway tunnels to consider more accurate gradual lighting design in the 200-m sections after the entrance and before the exit, meanwhile enhancing traffic safety management and protections in the middle of the tunnel.

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Section: E Effect Of Speed and Position On Mtpamentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Shang compared the drivers' eye gaze behavior in the tunnel group with the single tunnel based on the Markov chain and, the result showed that the design and management of tunnel groups were more complex than that of a single tunnel. e longer the tunnel, the greater the difference [28,29].…”

Section: Driving Safety Of the Tunnel Based On The Driver's Visualmentioning

confidence: 99%

Traffic Safety Optimization Strategy of Mountainous Highway Tunnel Based on GA-SVR Visual Load Model

Shang

Bao

et al. 2022

Journal of Advanced Transportation

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“…Shang [27] divided the vision of a driver into five areas: inside the cab, near-distance road section in front of the vehicle, far-distance road section in front of the vehicle, rearview mirrors (left, right, and inside the vehicle), and other areas (such as the vault and side wall). As the viewing distance of the road in front of the vehicle includes both far and near distances, which cannot be quantified, this study combined them into one area (Area 1).…”

Section: Gazing Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the influence of warning sounds in expressway tunnels on the mental state and attention of the driver

2023

Archives of Civil Engineering

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In recent years, some expressway tunnels have started broadcasting warning sounds, such as fire alarms, to improve driver attention and traffic safety. However, there is few research on it, and in contrast to previous studies, we have considered different evaluation indices and through field measurement to determine the effectiveness of this practice. The characteristics of three warning sound signals, i.e., fire alarm, dynamic music, and voice command, in a tunnel were analyzed using MATLAB. Considering pupil diameter and blink duration as evaluation indexes, the change in the mental state of the driver after hearing a warning sound was analyzed. Based on Markov chain theory, the change in the gaze region and gaze shift of the driver under the condition of a warning sound was analyzed. Results shows fire alarms and voice commands can increase the mental load of drivers, but the degree of impact was not determined. Dynamic music does not affect the mental load of the driver. The fire alarm and dynamic music attracted the attention of the driver; conversely, as the voice command warns the driver to focus on safety, it did not impact the attention of the driver. The research results provide a scientific reference for the selection of warning sounds in expressway tunnels and new research ideas for the prevention of traffic injuries in expressway tunnels.

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“…The interactions between tunnels increase the driving risks. Research on tunnel group design and operational management is needed [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[28,29]. Shang et al found the eye-gaze behavior of drivers can be used to evaluate driving safety and comfort in tunnel groups [16]. Xu et al reported that drivers were most significantly affected within the range between 250 m before the tunnel entrance and 50 m before the tunnel exit by collecting electrocardiogram (ECG) and eye movement data from 25 drivers during simulated driving [30].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on the Driver Visual Workload of Bridge-Tunnel Groups on Mountainous Expressways

Zhang,

Bai,

Yin

et al. 2023

Applied Sciences

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Mountainous expressways with bridge-tunnel groups are characterized by complex environments and high driving risks, making them crucial sections for highway safety. This study applied eye-tracking techniques to evaluate driving safety and comfort in bridge-tunnel groups. Drivers’ pupil diameter and fixation point distribution were measured in real vehicle tests. The influence of tunnel length, adjacent tunnel spacing, and natural lighting on drivers’ pupil diameters were compared and analyzed. The maximum transient velocity of pupil area was introduced to describe the drivers’ visual load and driving comfort. The results indicate that the driving workload reaches its maximum in the first tunnel in bridge-tunnel groups and is positively correlated with the tunnel length in other sections. Excessive or insufficient distance between adjacent tunnels is detrimental to driving comfort. The driving workload is higher at night compared to during the day. Moreover, the greater tunnel length in bridge-tunnel groups and the larger number of tunnels, suggest a higher driving workload for drivers. Above all, strengthening the design and management of bridge-tunnel groups in mountainous expressways is necessary.

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A comparative driving safety study of mountainous expressway individual tunnel and tunnel group based on eye gaze behavior

Cited by 9 publications

References 23 publications

Traffic Safety Optimization Strategy of Mountainous Highway Tunnel Based on GA-SVR Visual Load Model

Traffic Safety Optimization Strategy of Mountainous Highway Tunnel Based on GA-SVR Visual Load Model

Analysis of the influence of warning sounds in expressway tunnels on the mental state and attention of the driver

Study on the Driver Visual Workload of Bridge-Tunnel Groups on Mountainous Expressways

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