A comparative evaluation of electrical velocimetry and inert gas rebreathing for the non-invasive assessment of cardiac output

Abstract

Both non-invasive techniques are associated with low operating costs and require only a few expendable items for the rapid determination of cardiac function. We found an acceptable agreement between IGR and ICG as well as a high reproducibility, which was statistically significant higher for ICG. For cardiac output states exceeding the physiological range, we found a statistically significant difference. Consequently, values of cardiac function determined by either method should not be used interchangeably in the clinical setting.

Biological variation of the cardiac index in patients with stable chronic heart failure: inert gas rebreathing compared with impedance cardiography

“…In our study, CI values obtained by ICG rest were significantly higher than values obtained by IGR rest irrespective of heart rhythm, and agreement between values for ICG rest and IGR rest was moderate. This latter finding corresponds to the findings in the study by Trinkmann et al who also reported acceptable agreement between ICG and IGR methods in the determination of CO . Here, in the subset of patients with low CO (<4.1 L/min), ICG also resulted in significantly higher CO values as compared with IGR.…”

“…We chose IGR and ICG to determine CI because of their non‐invasive nature, ease of use, reproducibility, and accuracy, making them ideally suited for routine clinical use . In addition, several studies have reported that these methods are also useful in the non‐invasive measurement of cardiac output (CO) levels in cardiac patients . In addition, studies have shown that IGR provides reliable measurements of CO during cardiopulmonary exercise in healthy subjects …”

“…[2][3][4] In addition, several studies have reported that these methods are also useful in the non-invasive measurement of cardiac output (CO) levels in cardiac patients. 4,9,17,25 In addition, studies have shown that IGR provides reliable measurements of CO during cardiopulmonary exercise in healthy subjects. 26 Our study is the first to describe the biological variation of CI expressed as either RCV or MID in stable CHF patients.…”

Impedance cardiography: Recent advancements

“…The similar study of a comparative evaluation of electrical velocimetry and IGR was published by Trinkmann et al [12]. They wanted to evaluate whether hemodynamic parameters calculated using an algorithm (electrical velocimetry) proposed by Osypka and Bernstein [13] and implemented in thoracic electrical bioimpedance Aesculon device {TEB(Aesculon)} can be used interchangeably with IGR parameters in the clinical setting.…”

“…It appears that electrical ICG, a simple method that allows for continuous, noninvasive determination of SV, maximum velocity of ejection and systolic time intervals, could be used to supply such a signal for stationary and ambulatory applications [11,12]. However, the standardisation of the electrodes topography and the measurement procedure is highly needed.…”