A comparative evaluation of the performance characteristics of a spark ignition engine using hydrogen and compressed natural gas as alternative fuels

Das, L.M.; Gulati, Rohit; Gupta, Pankaj K.

doi:10.1016/s0360-3199(99)00103-2

Cited by 173 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…NG combustion produces lower emission than that of conventional fuels because the chemical structure of NG is less complex, together with the non-existence of fuel evaporation [2]. The high octane number of NG (between 120 and 130) allows the engine to operate at high compression ratios, because it gives a high anti-knocking potential [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of cycle-to-cycle variations in a natural gas spark ignition engine

Reyes

Fluixá

Giménez

et al. 2015

Fuel

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of cycle-to-cycle variations in a natural gas spark ignition engine

Reyes

Fluixá

Giménez

et al. 2015

Fuel

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“…Additionally, hydrogen's low lubricity leads to severe problems with the durability of injectors that have been originally designed for common fuels. Nevertheless, an appropriately designed electronically-controlled system can be adopted for engine operation with both hydrogen and compressed natural gas without any major alteration to the hardware of the system [41][42], particularly for research and demonstration purposes. Therefore, commercially available natural-gas injectors are generally being used nowadays as the baseline design for hydrogen injectors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogen SI and HCCI Combustion in a Direct-Injection Optical Engine

Rosati¹,

Aleiferis²

2009

SAE Int. J. Engines

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The Engineering Meetings Board has approved this paper for publication. It has successfully completed SAE's peer review process under the supervision of the session organizer. This process requires a minimum of three (3) reviews by industry experts. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE. ISSN 0148-7191 Positions and opinions advanced in this paper are those of the author(s) and not necessarily those of SAE. The author is solely responsible for the content of the paper. SAE ABSTRACTHydrogen has been largely proposed as a possible alternative fuel for internal combustion engines. Its wide flammability range allows higher engine efficiency with leaner operation than conventional fuels, for both reduced toxic emissions and no CO 2 gases. Independently, Homogenous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) also allows higher thermal efficiency and lower fuel consumption with reduced NO X emissions when compared to Spark-Ignition (SI) engine operation. For HCCI combustion, a mixture of air and fuel is supplied to the cylinder and autoignition occurs from compression; engine is operated throttle-less and load is controlled by the quality of the mixture, avoiding the large fluid-dynamic losses in the intake manifold of SI engines. HCCI can be induced and controlled by varying the mixture temperature, either by Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) or intake air pre-heating. A combination of HCCI combustion with hydrogen fuelling has great potential for virtually zero CO 2 and NO X emissions. Nevertheless, combustion on such a fast burning fuel with wide flammability limits and high octane number implies many disadvantages, such as control of backfiring and speed of autoignition and there is almost no literature on the subject, particularly in optical engines. Experiments were conducted in a singlecylinder research engine equipped with both Port Fuel Injection (PFI) and Direct Injection (DI) systems running at 1000 RPM. Optical access to in-cylinder phenomena was enabled through an extended piston and optical crown. Combustion images were acquired by a highspeed camera at 1° or 2° crank angle resolution for a series of engine cycles. Spark-ignition tests were initially carried out to benchmark the operation of the engine with hydrogen against gasoline. DI of hydrogen after intake valve closure was found to be preferable in order to overcome problems related to backfiring and air displacement from hydrogen's low density. HCCI combustion of hydrogen was initially enabled by means of a pilot port injection of n-heptane preceding the main direct injection of hydrogen, along with intake air preheating. Sole hydrogen fuelling HCCI was finally achieved and made sustainable, even at the low compression ratio of the optical engine by means of closed-valve DI, in synergy with air-pre-heating and negative valve overlap to promote intern...

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“…This is again a consequence of the turbulence of the engine inecylinder flow, with a turbulent intensity that scales with engine speed, increasing not only the average value (C c ) but also its variability (Sigma). One important thing to point 4 out is that the variability of the burning velocity (Fig. 5) is much less dependent on the fraction of hydrogen in the fuel mixture, than the burning velocity itself (Fig.…”

Section: Analysis Of Cyclic Variationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Also, NG produces less CO 2 emissions than gasoline for the same power output, due to its higher hydrogen to carbon ratio [3]. The high octane number of NG (between 120 and 130) represents an elevated anti-knocking potential [4], allowing a spark ignition engine to be operated with a higher compression ratio than by gasoline, so higher thermal efficiency and lower fuel consumption are obtained. Additionally lean mixtures can be stably burned in engines, contributing to a further reduction of CO and HC emissions and an increase in thermal efficiency.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of the combustion process and cycle-to-cycle variations in a spark ignition engine fuelled with natural gas/hydrogen mixtures

Reyes

Fluixá

Melgar

et al. 2016

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

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A comparative evaluation of the performance characteristics of a spark ignition engine using hydrogen and compressed natural gas as alternative fuels

Cited by 173 publications

References 3 publications

Characterization of cycle-to-cycle variations in a natural gas spark ignition engine

Characterization of cycle-to-cycle variations in a natural gas spark ignition engine

Hydrogen SI and HCCI Combustion in a Direct-Injection Optical Engine

Characterization of the combustion process and cycle-to-cycle variations in a spark ignition engine fuelled with natural gas/hydrogen mixtures

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