A comparative experimental study on the impact strength of standard and asymmetric involute spur gears

Kalay, Onur Can; Doǧan, Oğuz; Yılmaz, Tufan Gürkan; Yüce, Celalettin; Karpat, Fatih

doi:10.1016/j.measurement.2020.108950

Cited by 17 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The friction loss between contact tooth surfaces is large. 2,3 Gears with addendum modifications are typically used in some cases to reduce tooth surface wear, increase gear strength and improve load capacity. 4,5 Afterward, the circular arc gears which have the arc tooth profile curve are proposed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mathematical design and meshing analysis of a new internal gear transmission based on spatial involute-helix curve

Liang

Zhao

Meng

et al. 2022

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C:

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We present a new internal gear transmission based on spatial involute-helix curve in this article. Firstly, the generation principle of spatial involute-helix curve is proposed according to gear geometry theory. Mathematical design model of the spatial conjugate involute-helix curves is provided through establishing the meshing relationship solved by relative velocity and specific normal vector at contact point. The equations of conjugated spatial involute-helix curve and line of action of contact curves are derived, respectively. Secondly, tooth profiles construction with spatial involute-helix curve pair is carried out by isometric offsetting and kinematics methods. General tooth profiles form and numerical example are proposed in terms of given design parameters. Furtherly, meshing analysis of generated tooth profiles are discussed. Center distance separability and axial errors action are discussed according to the theoretical derivation and simulation process. Contact stress analysis and the comparison are studied by finite element method. Finally, the experimental test of the new gear pair manufactured by CNC technology is provided and general transmission efficiency results and contact conditions of tooth profiles under different error conditions are displayed. Research conclusions show that the new internal gear drive has well transmission property and further study on the contact dynamic and error analysis will be carried out.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mathematical design and meshing analysis of a new internal gear transmission based on spatial involute-helix curve

Liang

Zhao

Meng

et al. 2022

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C:

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show abstract

“…In addition to gear designs with standard (symmetric) tooth profiles, asymmetric gears formed by utilizing the different pressure angles on the drive (a d ) and coast (a c ) sides of the teeth have also started to be investigated extensively. [39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48] Evidence in the literature shows that asymmetric gears provide many advantages in terms of vibration, 39,40 single-tooth stiffness, 41 fatigue life, 7,42 bending strength, 43,44 and impact resistance 45 in engineering applications where unidirectional loadings are predominant. 1 Litvin et al 39 proposed a modified geometry that reduces the influence of gear misalignments for gears with asymmetric tooth profiles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With this in mind, asymmetric gears also have some disadvantages compared to traditional (symmetric) designs, such as (i) higher manufacturing cost, 13 (ii) lower contact ratio, 21 and (iii) operation for a single sense of rotation. 45 Even so, the superiorities of asymmetric gears against standard gear designs, as discussed above, in appropriate fields should not be overlooked. [39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48] Literature review indicates that the root cracks are one of the most common failure modes encountered for a gear transmission system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of tooth root cracks on the mesh stiffness of asymmetric spur gear pair with different backup ratios

Doǧan

Kalay

Karpat

2022

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C:

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Gears are critical machine elements that transmit power and motion in diverse implementation fields. Over time, gears may produce a series of faults due to harsh operating conditions, fatigue, manufacturing errors, etc., leading to severe performance degradation. During the meshing process, the stiffness of a single tooth controls the load sharing, vibration, and noise characteristics of a geared system. An undetected fault could decrease the gear stiffness and thus may lead to a fatal breakdown, substantial economic losses, or even human casualties in safety-critical applications such as helicopters, high-speed trains, and wind turbines. Hence, the accurate quantification of the gear stiffness emerges as an important research area to obtain reliable gear designs. With this in mind, the asymmetric tooth concept offers superior bending strength, fatigue propagation life, and the ability to lessen vibration over the standard (symmetric) designs in applications where unidirectional loadings are predominant. This study investigates the influence of tooth root cracks on the single-tooth and meshing stiffness characteristics of the standard and asymmetric involute spur gears. To this end, the numerical crack propagation paths obtained in our previous works were introduced to the created 3D CAD geometries. Subsequently, the single tooth stiffness of both healthy and cracked (2 5%-50%-75%-100%) gears was calculated through the ANSYS® Workbench, and the time-varying mesh stiffness was obtained. The present study evaluated the effects of backup ratio and the tooth asymmetry on the spur gears’ meshing stiffness characteristics simultaneously and further expanded the scope of the research work. The results indicated that the single tooth stiffness and mesh stiffness could be improved by 35% and 22%, respectively, as the drive side pressure angle increased from 20° to 35°. It has been noted that the gear stiffness decreased as the crack level increased, while the increment of the backup ratio further increased the reduction in the stiffness. The findings could provide significant outputs for a better understanding of the influence of tooth asymmetry on the gear dynamics characteristics, life prediction, and early fault diagnosis.

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“…The results showed that as control parameters changed, the system experienced various types of motion states under different loading conditions. Kalay et al [5] proposed a special test device and experimental method to examine the effect of asymmetric profile on impact strength and found that the proposed device and method were effective in measuring the impact strength of asymmetric involute gears. Zhang et al [6] developed a nonlinear dynamics model of a gearbox to study the wear characteristics of the gearbox and compared the frequency domain values of gear wear with experimental data.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gear Drive System: Dynamics Analysis Under Impact Load

2022

IJOMAM

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As a machine drive structure, a gear drive system can be subjected to impact loads, affecting regular operation. The dynamics analysis of the gear drive system subjected to impact loads can help to improve the safety of the gear drive structure. This paper briefly introduced the basic structure of the two-stage acceleration gear transmission system and the corresponding dynamics model and solved the equation of the dynamics model with the numerical iteration method of computers to realize the simulation calculation of the gear drive system. Simulation experiments were conducted on the two-stage acceleration gear in MATLAB software to test the shaft torque and shaft torsion angle under the two impact loads, a sudden increase in load, and a sudden increase in power source speed. The results showed that when the load suddenly increased, the shaft torque and shaft torsion angle of the gear shaft increased suddenly, and the oscillations attenuated until they stabilized; the stabilized shaft torque conformed to the drive torque of the load torque on different shafts, and torsion angle of the power shaft was the largest, followed by the load shaft and drive shaft; when the speed of the power source increased suddenly, the shaft torque and torsion angle of the gear shaft also increased suddenly, then decreased with oscillation attenuation, and eventually stabilized at the original values.

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A comparative experimental study on the impact strength of standard and asymmetric involute spur gears

Cited by 17 publications

References 27 publications

Mathematical design and meshing analysis of a new internal gear transmission based on spatial involute-helix curve

Mathematical design and meshing analysis of a new internal gear transmission based on spatial involute-helix curve

Influence of tooth root cracks on the mesh stiffness of asymmetric spur gear pair with different backup ratios

Gear Drive System: Dynamics Analysis Under Impact Load

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