A comparative physicochemical property assessment and techno-economic analysis of biolubricants produced using chemical modification and additive-based routes

Khan, Shoyeb; Das, Probir; Quadir, Mohammed Abdul; Thaher, Mahmoud; Annamalai, Senthil Nagappan; Mahata, Chandan; Hawari, Alaa H.; Jabri, Hareb Al

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157648

Cited by 25 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 98 publications

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“…In the case of OR‐ESO, an endothermic event in a wide temperature range (from −40 to 20°C) is observed, indicating the heterogeneity of the sample. Pour points tend to decrease as a result of a high amount of unsaturated fatty acids, so OR‐ESO has a lower pour point than TE‐ESO (Khan et al, 2022). All pour point values are presented in the Table 1.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyols from castor oil (Ricinus communis) and epoxidized soybean oil (Glycine max) for application as a lubricant base

Stradolini,

Gryczak,

Petzhold

2023

J Americ Oil Chem Soc

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Polyols are widely synthesized from fossil sources and applied in multiple sectors of the industry as raw material for polyurethane production and also as lubricants. Although the preparation method normally used is efficient and practical, it is necessary to develop environmentally friendly synthesis route that reduce pollution. This study focuses on an alternative synthetic route for the synthesis of polyols using only raw materials from renewable sources. Polyols were successfully obtained by modifying castor oil and epoxidized soybean oil through transesterification, transamidation and oxirane ring opening. The polyols were then characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), nuclear magnetic resonance (1H and 13C‐NMR), acidity index (AI), thermogravimetry (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), size exclusion chromatography (SEC), dynamic viscosity and exploratory scanning of ecotoxicological parameters using Artemia salina. The results highlight the promising potential of transamidated castor oil (TACO) polyol in the field of biolubricants, attributed to its high viscosity index, oxidative stability and, ecofriendly behavior.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyols from castor oil (Ricinus communis) and epoxidized soybean oil (Glycine max) for application as a lubricant base

Stradolini,

Gryczak,

Petzhold

2023

J Americ Oil Chem Soc

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“…The level of unsaturation is yet another element that influences the bio-transformer 's viscosity. One double bond will enhance viscosity, whereas two or more double bonds will cause the lubricant's viscosity to drop [ 69]. Except for soybean vegetable oil's ethyl ester, all ethyl ester vegetable oils' dynamic viscosity ratings are higher than the conventional ASTM values.…”

Section: Dynamic Viscositymentioning

confidence: 94%

Physico-Chemical and Electrical Properties of Epoxy Ethyl Esters of Various Vegetable Oils As Bio-Transformer Oils

mandour,

Kahalfallah,

Taha

et al. 2023

Egypt. J. Chem.

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Chemically modified vegetable oils are biodegradable and eco-friendly particularly in comparison to petroleum transformer lubricant and insulating oils. These advantages motivate us to investigate the use of soybean, sunflower and cook waste. vegetable oils as suitable transformer oil alternatives. It is crucial to compare its physicochemical and electrical properties to those of transformer mineral oil to the American Standard Technical Methods (ASTM) specification to confirm its appropriateness. In This Study soybean, sunflower and cook waste oils undergo a two-step chemical modification by transesterification reaction with ethyl alcohol and potassium hydroxide as catalyst at 60 ᵒ C followed by epoxidation reaction with hydrogen peroxide and glacial acetic acid in amberlite IR -120 resins. The physiochemical and electrical properties of synthesized bio-transformer oils were examined without the presence of tert-butyl hydroquinone (TBHQ) as antioxidant and after applying oxidation conditions with the addition of TBHQ using approved methods. The chemical parameters that are measured include acid value, water content and oxidation stability. The physical characteristics that were tested were density, dynamic viscosity at 40 °C and flash point, breakdown voltage is the electrical property that was measured. Most of the data showed that the different characteristics properties of the ethyl ester of various vegetable oils meet the standard ASTM values after the addition of 2 grams of TBHQ antioxidant. Epoxidation of ethyl vegetable oil an improvement in the physicochemical and electrical properties occurred with and without TBHQ antioxidant, Consequently, it can be used as a substitute for traditional transformer oil because it complies with most ASTM standard requirements.

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“…5 However, it is expected that environmental pollution may increase along with the demand for and consumption of mineral oil-based lubricants due to oil spills, lubricant loss during applications, ineffective waste lubricant recycling techniques, and increased greenhouse gases (GHGs) as a result of the refining of crude oil to produce various lubricant basestocks. 6,7 Additionally, mineral oil lubricants pollute the environment, contain heavy metals, are toxic, and are not readily biodegradable. 8,9 Therefore, alternative biobased or biolubricants must be used alongside mineral oil lubricants to reduce the pollution generated by lubricants based on mineral oil.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The global lubricant industry is expected to reach 182.6 billion US dollars by 2025 . However, it is expected that environmental pollution may increase along with the demand for and consumption of mineral oil-based lubricants due to oil spills, lubricant loss during applications, ineffective waste lubricant recycling techniques, and increased greenhouse gases (GHGs) as a result of the refining of crude oil to produce various lubricant basestocks. , …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biolubricant Synthesis by Additization and Chemical Modification from Lipid-Rich Brackish Coelastrella sp. Using a Biorefinery Approach

Khan,

Das,

Radwan

et al. 2024

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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With a sizable market share and widespread use in automotive and industrial applications, biolubricants are produced from the oils of terrestrial plants that have undergone chemical modification or additive addition. Brackish or marine microalgae utilize less arable land and have a lower freshwater footprint compared to terrestrial plants. They are thus a potential source of raw materials for the production of biolubricants. This study screened eight marine microalgae, i.e., Coelastrella sp., Chlorocystis sp., Ceatocerous sp., Neochloris sp., Picochlorum sp., Tisochrysis sp., Tetraselmis sp., and Synechococcus sp. for their lipid and pigment content as a preliminary step. Coelastrella sp., Tetraselmis sp., and Chlorocystis sp. were chosen for additional study in outdoor cultivation based on total lipid, pigments, and harvestability. Coelastrella, Tetraselmis, and Chlorocystis species had total lipid contents of 50.2, 7.6, and 9.1% (w/w), respectively. In Coelastrella sp., total carotenoids, monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA), polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), and saturated fatty acid (SFA) concentrations were 0.3, 45.8, and 51%, respectively. Based on total carotenoids, polyunsaturated fatty acid, and lipid content, Coelastrella sp. was chosen to produce biolubricants by chemical modification and addition of its lipid. Kinematic viscosities and the viscosity index of the EVA-added Coelastrella sp. biolubricant were higher than those of the chemically produced Coelastrella TMP triesters. The thermal stability of the Coelastrella biolubricant with EVA additive was higher, whereas chemically synthesized TMP triester biolubricant had considerably lower thermal stability. A 1% increase in EVA reduced the coefficient of friction of SFA biolubricant from 0.075 to 0.03 and the wear rate from 12 μ gm N −1 m −1 to 0.6 μ gm N −1 m −1 , resulting in 60% and 95% reduction in friction and wear rate, respectively, making it a potential lubricant basestock for a variety of industrial applications.

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A comparative physicochemical property assessment and techno-economic analysis of biolubricants produced using chemical modification and additive-based routes

Cited by 25 publications

References 98 publications

Polyols from castor oil (Ricinus communis) and epoxidized soybean oil (Glycine max) for application as a lubricant base

Polyols from castor oil (Ricinus communis) and epoxidized soybean oil (Glycine max) for application as a lubricant base

Physico-Chemical and Electrical Properties of Epoxy Ethyl Esters of Various Vegetable Oils As Bio-Transformer Oils

Biolubricant Synthesis by Additization and Chemical Modification from Lipid-Rich Brackish Coelastrella sp. Using a Biorefinery Approach

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