A Comparative Review on Greenery Ecosystems and Their Impacts on Sustainability of Building Environment

Al-Kayiem, Hussain H.; Koh, Kelly; Riyadi, Tri Widodo Besar; Effendy, Marwan

doi:10.3390/su12208529

Cited by 21 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 107 publications

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“…Although there is no noticeable reduction in Ta, green walls reduced the façade temperature of the buildings at midday. Figure 11 shows the temperature reduction in buildings' façade at 15:00 (Scenario E), which ranged between 6-10 • C. This result is supported by past studies, where the application of green walls reduced the external wall temperature of buildings during summer by values of between 1.7-16 • C [71]. Some factors influencing the performance of green façades include, type of plants, properties of the layers and shading effect.…”

Section: Air Temperature and Relative Humiditysupporting

confidence: 73%

“…The higher the wall's surface temperature, the higher the heat loss through the walls, which potentially increases temperature inside building. As a green wall controls the heat transfer, it, then, can be identified as a passive technique for energy saving in the building [71]. By applying green walls, energy for cooling buildings can be reduced by up to 32 percent [72].…”

Section: Air Temperature and Relative Humiditymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Studying the Effect of Blue-Green Infrastructure on Microclimate and Human Thermal Comfort in Melbourne’s Central Business District

et al. 2022

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Blue-green infrastructure (BGI) is defined as a strategically planned network of natural and semi-natural areas with other environmental features designed and managed to deliver a wide range of ecosystem services, which include microclimate regulation and enhanced human thermal comfort. While green infrastructure is widely known to be capable of mitigating the adverse effects of urban heat island, the effect of blue infrastructure to regulate thermal comfort is still poorly understood. This study investigates several blue-green-infrastructure (BGI) scenarios in the central business district (CBD) of Melbourne, Australia to assess their effects on microclimate and human thermal comfort. Three-dimensional microclimatic modelling software, ENVI-met, was used to simulate the microclimate and human thermal comfort. Physiological equivalent temperature (PET) was used to quantify the level of thermal comfort in selected research areas. Ten different scenarios were simulated, which included those based on green roofs, green walls, trees, ponds and fountains. The simulations suggest that green roofs and green walls in the high-rise building environment have a small temperature reduction in its surrounding area by up to 0.47 °C and 0.27 °C, respectively, and there is no noticeable improvement in the level of thermal perception. The tree-based scenarios decrease temperature by up to 0.93 °C and improve the thermal perception from hot to warm. Scenarios based on water bodies and fountains decrease the temperature by up to 0.51 °C and 1.48 °C, respectively, yet they cannot improve the thermal perception of the area. A deeper water body has a better microclimate improvement as compared to a shallow one. The temperature reduction in the fountain scenario tends to be local and the effect could only be felt within a certain radius from the fountain.

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Section: Air Temperature and Relative Humiditysupporting

confidence: 73%

Section: Air Temperature and Relative Humiditymentioning

confidence: 99%

Studying the Effect of Blue-Green Infrastructure on Microclimate and Human Thermal Comfort in Melbourne’s Central Business District

et al. 2022

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“…Although studies are available on energy performance of vertical greenery systems, many research gaps still exists about that. Most of the research concerns living walls rather than the most feasible solution of the GFs, is focused on the warm period and thus on the cooling performance and lacks long-term experimental data useful to understand the energy behaviour throughout the year (Al-Kayiem et al, 2020;Ascione et al, 2020).…”

Section: Bwmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among urban green infrastructures, particularly noteworthy are those consisting in the application of vegetation on the building envelope. Apart from many aesthetic and social benefits, greenery systems for buildings provide energy advantages since these are a passive technology useful to improve thermal performance of new and existing buildings (Al-Kayiem et al, 2020;Bevilacqua, 2021;Liao et al, 2021).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A nature-based system for improving Mediterranean buildings’ performance: contribution to energy saving by heat transfer reduction and influence of climatic parameters

et al. 2023

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Urban environments can be turned greener and more sustainable by letting in vegetation. The application of green façades on buildings’ vertical surfaces is a viable option that brings various advantages. This study focuses on the energy benefit provided by an evergreen green façade in Mediterranean climate conditions. The results came from a long experimental campaign, heat fluxes evaluation and statistical analyses. The thermal behaviour of the experimental green façade was analysed all year round, highlighting differences between warm and cold periods and between time of the day. The main advantage was assessed in terms of energy saving, defined as heat flux reduction through the wall covered with vegetation in comparison with an unvegetated wall. The study pointed out that energy saving was achieved throughout the year, but in different time of the day based on the season. A daytime energy saving was obtained in warm periods due to the shading effect and the plants evapotranspiration. A night-time benefit was reached in cold periods mainly thanks to the thermal and wind barrier action of the green layer. The results showed daily mean values of energy saving equal to 11.47 W m-2 for a warm period and to 3.23 W m-2 for a cold period. The statistical analysis highlighted that the energy saving was positively influenced by external air temperature especially at daytime. Overall, higher energy saving was provided by the green façade when higher external air temperature values were recorded. This research contributes to fill existing literature gaps on the yearly behaviour of green façades and on the energy benefits these provide.

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“…Roof greening, i. e. multi-layered systems that cover the roof of a building with vegetation over a drainage layer of soil (Berardi et al 2014), presents a popular strategy to moderate the UHI effect as it exploits otherwise unused house roofs, lowers the air temperatures around urban green roofs up to 4.2 °C (Al-Kayiem et al 2020), reduces building energy use by around 0.7% compared to conventional roofs (Sailor et al 2011), and provides other multiple cobenefits including the regulation of air quality, carbon regulation, storm water management, habitat provisioning and cultural services (Berardi et al 2014;Manso et al 2021). The effectiveness of roof greening to moderate UHI effects depends on the area and greening type of the green roofs (Santamouris 2014;Sun et al 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Localizing and prioritizing roof greening opportunities for urban heat island mitigation: insights from the city of Krefeld, Germany

Brenner¹,

Schmidt

Albert

2023

Landsc Ecol

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Context Climate change may increase the frequency, intensity, and occurrence of urban heat islands (UHI) in cities worldwide, often with harmful impacts on citizens. Strategic planning and implementation of multifunctional green roofs promises to help mitigating UHI effects, but cities often lack up-to-date scientific understanding of best-suited locations. Objectives The aim of this paper is to develop and apply a socio-ecological approach to explore and prioritize present and prospective opportunity spaces for roof greening based on remote sensing data to mitigate UHI effects. Methods The city of Krefeld, Germany, serves as a case study. The research design consists of three steps, applied to the conditions of 2019 and a 2030 scenario: (i) Examining residents’ vulnerability to heat, (ii) Assessing existing green roofs and potentials for greening, and (iii) Prioritizing opportunity spaces for roof greening to reduce UHI effects. Results Findings showed that the area of high vulnerability due to combined high heat exposures and densities of sensitive residents in Krefeld accounts for almost 300 hectares in 2019 and may triple until 2030. More than 90% of evaluated horizontal roofs have no vegetation cover. Highest priority for roof greening is attributed to 59 ha and 113 ha of roofs in 2019 and 2030, respectively. Conclusions The findings can inform strategic roof greening efforts for climate adaptation, e.g. for the extension of cadasters, and facilitate communication to increase understandings, public and policy support, and implementation.

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A Comparative Review on Greenery Ecosystems and Their Impacts on Sustainability of Building Environment

Cited by 21 publications

References 107 publications

Studying the Effect of Blue-Green Infrastructure on Microclimate and Human Thermal Comfort in Melbourne’s Central Business District

Studying the Effect of Blue-Green Infrastructure on Microclimate and Human Thermal Comfort in Melbourne’s Central Business District

A nature-based system for improving Mediterranean buildings’ performance: contribution to energy saving by heat transfer reduction and influence of climatic parameters

Localizing and prioritizing roof greening opportunities for urban heat island mitigation: insights from the city of Krefeld, Germany

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