A Comparative Study between Etiological Factors of Calcium Oxalate Monohydrate and Calcium Oxalate Dihydrate Urolithiasis

Abstract

A comparative study between different etiological factors of calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) and calcium oxalate dihydrate (COD) is presented. The most frequent alteration in COD urolithiasis was associated with hypercalciuria, whereas in COM urolithiasis was associated with urinary pH. A comparison between COM and COD groups of stone formers that exhibited 1 2 or 3 alterations was performed. Thus, in individuals with two simultaneous alterations, the association between altered urinary pH and hypomagnesiuria was the most frequent in the COM group, whereas the association between hypercalciuria and altered urinary pH was most frequent in the COD group. In individuals with three simultaneous alterations, the association between hypercalciuria, hyperphosphaturia and hyperuricuria was most frequent in both COM and COD stone formers.

Urinary lithogenesis risk tests: Comparison of a commercial kit and a laboratory prototype test

“…These biochemical findings corresponded to previous studies [6,10] which demonstrated that practically 100% of urine meeting such conditions belonged to stone-formers. Predicted results using To correlate and establish a simple relationship among the measured biochemical parameters in a system with reduced dimensionality, a principal component analysis (PCA) was performed including calcium, phosphate, magnesium and phytate urinary concentrations in the analysis.…”

“…Volume and biochemical cut-offs of 12 h abnormal urinary lithogenic risk parameters, in accordance with authors' experience and literature data[6,10].…”

A comparison of the binding of urinary calcium oxalate monohydrate and dihydrate crystals to human kidney cells in urine

“…Thus, several clinical studies have been undertaken in stone‐formers with the aim of correlating urine composition with the occurrence of COM and COD in their calculi, to estimate the force required to achieve complete stone disruption and clearance during lithotripsy, or to predict the likelihood of stone recurrences. A strong relationship has been reported to occur between COD stones and hypercalciuria [1,4–7], reduced citrate levels [1,7] and higher pH [5]. On the other hand, COM calculi occur more frequently in association with normocalciuria [8].…”

Mechanisms of Renal and Salivary Calculi Formation and Development

“…The calcium oxalate dihydrate renal calculi usually generate in individuals with abnormally high urinary excretion of calcium and/or oxalate (hypercalciuria and/or hyperoxaluria) [33]. The calcium oxalate dihydrate renal calculi appear confined in cavities of low urodynamic efficacy.…”