A Comparative Study of Ball Launch Measurement Systems; Soccer Case Study (P44)

Ronkainen, Jouni; Holmes, Christopher; Harland, Andy R.; Jones, Roy

doi:10.1007/978-2-287-99054-0_29

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…Within the test sample, six groups of players were identified based on bowling style and level of experience; see Table 3. High-speed video filming is a popular method of measuring ball spin in sport, and, although there are errors associated with the digitization and measurement process, it remains the favoured measurement method within this domain [17]. During the current testing protocol, the major errors associated with high-speed camera measurements were minimized by setting the ball flight path to be as close to perpendicular to the camera field of view as possible (to minimize the radial lens distortion) and limiting the measurement region to the centre half of the field of view (to minimize lens barrel distortion).…”

Section: High-speed Video Filming In Trainingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantification and characterization of cricket bowling technique for the development of the parameters required for a novel training system for cricket

Justham

West

Cork

2008

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P:

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Cricket bowling has traditionally been referenced using ball release speed, and existing classifications consider the four major bowling types as fast, fast-medium, medium, and spin. A research project based at Loughborough University has recognized the need for an extended bowling classification that not only considers the ball speed, but also its initial flight characteristics, including any spin imparted at release. The purpose of this paper has been the development of an extended bowling classification, which has been used in the development of a requirements specification for an advanced ball delivery system for cricket, to ensure the accurate recreation of technically correct bowling deliveries.Data collected during training and match play have been used to define bowling quantitatively. The initial ball flight characteristics of 30 elite-level bowlers have been filmed in training using a Photron FASTCAM ultima APX high-speed video camera. These videos have been used to determine the speed, the rate of spin, and the initial flight trajectory of the ball at release. Additionally, Hawk-Eye ball-tracking software has been used to investigate the full flight characteristics of seven elite bowlers during a five Test match series.

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Section: High-speed Video Filming In Trainingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantification and characterization of cricket bowling technique for the development of the parameters required for a novel training system for cricket

Justham

West

Cork

2008

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P:

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“…For recording the ball flight, radar tracking systems 11 and high-speed video systems 8,12 tend to be difficult to initially set up, slow to repeat, and none have been proven to be sufficiently accurate for detailed flight assessment, such as orientation effects. 13 To develop a high-fidelity flight model and subsequent post-processing techniques to directly compare the flight characteristics of balls from wind tunnel data will reduce the need to physically test the aerodynamics of new prototype balls in such an uncontrolled way.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterisation of football trajectories for assessing flight performance

Ward

Passmore

Spencer

et al. 2018

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P:

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Much discussion surrounds the flight of association footballs (soccer balls), particularly where the flight may be perceived as irregular. This is particularly prevalent in high-profile competitions due to increased camera coverage and public scrutiny. All footballs do not perform in an identical manner in flight. This article develops methods to characterise the important features of flight, enabling direct, quantitative comparisons between ball designs. The system used to generate the flight paths included collection of aerodynamic force coefficient data in a wind tunnel, which were input into a flight model across a wide range of realistic conditions. Parameters were derived from these trajectories to characterise the in-flight deviations across the range of flights from which the aerodynamic performance of different balls were statistically compared. The amount of lateral movement in flight was determined by calculating the final lateral deviation from the initial shot vector. To quantify the overall shape of the flight, increasing orders of polynomial functions were fitted to the flight path until a good fit was obtained with a high-order polynomial indicating a less consistent flight. The number of inflection points in each flight was also recorded to further define the flight path. The orientation dependency of a ball was assessed by comparing the true shot to a second flight path without considering orientation-dependent forces. The difference between these flights isolated the effect of orientation-dependent aerodynamic forces. The article provides the means of quantitatively describing a ball's aerodynamic behaviour in a defined and robust mathematical process. Conclusions were not drawn regarding which balls are good and bad; these are subjective terms and can only be analysed through comprehensive player perception studies.

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Application of an industrial robot in the sports domain: Simulating the ground contact phase of running

Ronkainen

El-Kati

Fleming

et al. 2010

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P:

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Mechanical devices currently used to test sports equipment are limited to one or two degrees of freedom and cannot replicate complete human movements. The purpose of this study was to investigate the capabilities of a six-degrees-of-freedom industrial robot (iRobot) to replicate the ground contact phase of human running. The objectives were as follows: to quantify the repeatability of the iRobot system; to assess the ability of the system to replicate heelstrike running and forefoot running.High-speed video and force plate data were collected for a single-subject heelstrike running and forefoot running. The iRobot was programmed to replicate the two footstrikes and then to perform 500 cycles of each. System kinematics and ground contact forces were recorded every tenth cycle.The kinematic repeatability of the iRobot was extremely good (less than 2 mm mean standard deviation in all marker trajectories). The peak vertical ground reaction forces showed systemic trends specific to the footstrike; heelstrike 3 per cent decrease and forefoot 19 per cent increase over the 500 cycles. iRobot replication of the footstrikes met with some success, particularly for the forefoot running.The iRobot generated highly repeatable kinematics and demonstrated potential for applications within the footwear industry. A number of improvements to the system were identified which could further improve its ability to replicate human running.

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A Comparative Study of Ball Launch Measurement Systems; Soccer Case Study (P44)

Cited by 3 publications

References 1 publication

Quantification and characterization of cricket bowling technique for the development of the parameters required for a novel training system for cricket

Quantification and characterization of cricket bowling technique for the development of the parameters required for a novel training system for cricket

Characterisation of football trajectories for assessing flight performance

Application of an industrial robot in the sports domain: Simulating the ground contact phase of running

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