A comparative study of cognitive deficits in patients with delusional disorder and paranoid schizophrenia

Grover, Sandeep; Nehra, Ritu; Bhateja, Gaurav; Kulhara, Parmanand; Kumar, Suresh

doi:10.4103/0972-6748.102499

Cited by 15 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…In this sense, the emotionally laden items work as negative distractors that drain common pool resources from the main task (see p. 172). If this interpretation is correct, the executive competition model proposed by Pessoa would provide an interesting explanation for the specific deficits observed in DS (see Grover et al 2011;Ibanez Casas et al 2013). Indeed, the delusional content itself may work as a powerful distractor absorbing the patient's attention and directing resources away from the functions that are needed to complete the task at hand.…”

Section: Valentina Petrolinimentioning

confidence: 97%

“…When flexibility, impulsivity, and updating were measured through standardized testsfor example, Stroop Test or Tower of London -DS tended to fare worse than controls (2013, p. 4). In a different study focused on attention and executive functioning, subjects affected by delusional disorder obtained lower scores also with respect to other psychiatric patients such as paranoid schizophrenics (see Grover et al 2011). Howeverinterestingly enough -DS have also been found to score better than controls in some selected areas: for example, they committed fewer errors in the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), thereby suggesting some kind of "hyper-vigilance to selectively abstracted stimuli" (Ibanez Casas et al 2013, p. 7).…”

Section: Valentina Petrolinimentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cognition as the tip of the emotional iceberg: A neuro-evolutionary perspective

Bos

Brummelman²,

Terburg

2015

Behav Brain Sci

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We emphasize the importance of a neuroevolutionary perspective in moving beyond the cognition-emotion dichotomy. Cognitive behavior depends on cortical structures firmly rooted in the emotional brain from which they have evolved. As such, there cannot be cognition without emotion. Endocrine regulation of amygdala connectivity, a neural "switch" between impulsivity and deliberation, further underscores the phylogenetic impossibility of a cognition-emotion dichotomy.

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Section: Valentina Petrolinimentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Valentina Petrolinimentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognition as the tip of the emotional iceberg: A neuro-evolutionary perspective

Bos

Brummelman²,

Terburg

2015

Behav Brain Sci

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Common measures of inhibition and shifting , such as the Stroop test and the WCST, reveal the difficulties that people with schizophrenia exhibit with “changing attention from one aspect of the stimulus to another” ( Ibanez-Casas et al, 2013 , p. 6). Similarly, they appear to perform poorly in updating and in planning tasks like the Tower of London ( Grover et al, 2011 ). The meta-analysis recently conducted by Snyder et al (2015) reveals that “the largest EF deficits are found for individuals with schizophrenia, with large effect sizes on measures of shifting, inhibition, updating, visuospatial WM, and verbal manipulation, and a medium effect size for simple verbal WM maintenance” (p. 10).…”

Section: Executive Functions and Inner Speech In Sz-avhmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Inner Speech in Executive Functioning Tasks: Schizophrenia With Auditory Verbal Hallucinations and Autistic Spectrum Conditions as Case Studies

2020

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Several theories propose that one of the core functions of inner speech (IS) is to support subjects in the completion of cognitively effortful tasks, especially those involving executive functions (EF). In this paper we focus on two populations who notoriously encounter difficulties in performing EF tasks, namely, people diagnosed with schizophrenia who experience auditory verbal hallucinations (Sz-AVH) and people with autism spectrum conditions (ASC). We focus on these two populations because they represent two different ways in which IS can fail to help in EF tasks, which can be illustrative for other mental conditions. First, we review the main components of EF (see section "Executive Functions"). Then we explain the functions that IS is taken to perform in the domain of EF (see section "Inner Speech and Executive Functions") and review the evidence concerning problems about EF in the two populations of our study: Sz-AVH (see section "Executive Functions and Inner Speech in Sz-AVH") and ASC (see section "Executive Function and Inner Speech in ASC"). After this we further detail our account about what a properly functioning IS can do for both populations and how different IS profiles may impact EF performance: in the case of Sz-AVH, the uncontrolled and intrusive character of IS negatively affects EF performance, whereas in ASC, EF is not sufficiently supported by IS, given the tendency in this population to present a diminished use of IS (see section "IS in ASC and Sz-AVH: How It Relates to EF"). We finally briefly discuss Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Developmental Language Disorders (DLD) (see section "Further Considerations").

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“…Although deficient cognitive flexibility and processing speed have been reported in schizophrenia, their association with psychopathology [especially different symptom dimensions, not only negative symptoms, see (28)] remains unclear. What is more, there are few findings reporting links between patients' performance on the CTT and selected clinical variables (19,29). In contrast, many studies suggest positive correlations between performance time in TMT part B, and negative and disorganization symptoms (30).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Color Trails Test: A New Set of Data on Cognitive Flexibility and Processing Speed in Schizophrenia

et al. 2020

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Background: Although schizophrenia patients have been reported to manifest deficits in cognitive flexibility and lower processing speed (measured with i.a., the Color Trails Test, CTT), there still remain a few matters that require further investigation. We have therefore formulated three research aims: 1) to examine the factor structure of CTT in schizophrenia patients and healthy controls, 2) to compare different CTT performance measures in the two groups, 3) to investigate the relationship between these measures and selected psychopathological symptoms in the patient group. Methods: Sixty-seven patients with paranoid schizophrenia and 67 healthy controls, matched for gender, age, number of years of education, and overall cognitive functioning underwent assessment of cognitive flexibility and processing speed with the CTT. Results: Factor analysis of CTT variables based on the principal component method revealed a four-factor solution in both groups. Compared with healthy controls, the patients performed poorer on CTT 1 time, CTT 2 time, 2-1 difference, prompts in CTT 2, and had higher regression factor scores for Factor 1 (reflecting the slower speed of perceptual tracking). Furthermore, significant links were found between some CTT measures, and negative and disorganization symptoms. Conclusions: Schizophrenia patients exhibit problems with speed of perceptual tracking and executive processes dependent on processing speed. Our results may be useful for the development of neuropsychological diagnostic methods for schizophrenia patients. It seems that, compared to other CTT indices, CTT 1 time, CTT 2 time, and 2-1 difference are more appropriate measures of cognitive performance in schizophrenia patients.

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A comparative study of cognitive deficits in patients with delusional disorder and paranoid schizophrenia

Cited by 15 publications

References 15 publications

Cognition as the tip of the emotional iceberg: A neuro-evolutionary perspective

Cognition as the tip of the emotional iceberg: A neuro-evolutionary perspective

The Role of Inner Speech in Executive Functioning Tasks: Schizophrenia With Auditory Verbal Hallucinations and Autistic Spectrum Conditions as Case Studies

Color Trails Test: A New Set of Data on Cognitive Flexibility and Processing Speed in Schizophrenia

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