A comparative study of directly injected, spark ignition engine performance and emissions with natural gas, gasoline and charge dilution

Kar, Tanmay; Zhou, Zhongwu; Brear, Michael J.; Yang, Yi; Khosravi, Maziar; Lacey, Joshua

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2021.121438

Cited by 17 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…In this work, a 2.0L, four-cylinder, downsized and turbocharged, DISI production engine was used to conduct the experimental investigation with both gasoline and CNG fuelling. The previous work by the authors [9] provides complete details of the test engine and its instrumentation and control. A comparison of the specifications of the test fuels (i.e., Gasoline and CNG) used in this study is shown in Table 1.…”

Section: Experimental Set Upmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A comparison of the specifications of the test fuels (i.e., Gasoline and CNG) used in this study is shown in Table 1. A cooled, external exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) system was integrated with the test engine to reintroduce the exhaust gas to the intake system [9]. The EGR rate is calculated based on the measured mass flow rates as follows [49]:…”

Section: Experimental Set Upmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Compressed natural gas (CNG) has emerged as a one, popular alternative fuel due to its favourable thermo-physical properties [7] and significant global market [8]. The previous study by the authors [9] examined the performance of a 4-cylinder, downsized and boosted, spark ignition (SI) engine fuelled by directly injected compressed natural gas (DI CNG) and gasoline (GDI). Three different charge preparation strategies were investigated for both fuels: stoichiometric engine operation without external dilution, stoichiometric operation with external exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) and lean burn.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Comparative Study of Directly Injected, Spark Ignition Engine Combustion and Energy Transfer with Natural Gas, Gasoline, and Charge Dilution

Kar¹,

Zhou²,

Brear³

et al. 2022

SAE Int. J. Fuels Lubr.

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This paper presents an experimental and numerical study of a 4-cylinder, downsized and boosted, spark ignition engine fuelled by either directly injected compressed natural gas (DI CNG) or gasoline (GDI). Three different charge preparation strategies are investigated for both fuels: stoichiometric engine operation without external dilution, stoichiometric operation with external exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) and lean burn.In this work, experiments and engine modelling are first used to analyse the energy transfer throughout the engine system. This analysis shows that the early start of fuel injection improves fuel efficiency via lower unburned fuel energy at low loads with stoichiometric DI CNG operation. Charge dilution study then reveals that the optimization of fuel efficiency with EGR or lean burn requires a balance between the positive impact of lower in-cylinder heat losses and less pumping work, and the negative impact of higher energy losses to the exhaust, either via sensible enthalpy or unburned fuel, and lean burn is more efficient than stoichiometric EGR operation at equivalent dilution levels. Flame propagation is then examined using the results of premixed, turbulent combustion simulations. This reveals that increasing EGR and lean burn for both DI CNG and GDI decreases the flame speed, and this is shown to have a more pronounced effect on CNG combustion. Using premixed, turbulent flame theory of Bradley, it is demonstrated that changing the fuel from gasoline to CNG, increasing charge dilution or increasing engine speed all promote the likelihood of bulk flame quenching, which correlates with the measured engine-out unburned hydrocarbon (UHC) emissions and combustion ManuscriptClick here to access/download;Manuscript;DI CNG Manuscript.docx variability. This provides insight into the fundamental processes by which charge dilution impacts flame propagation and thus engine performance.

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Section: Experimental Set Upmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Experimental Set Upmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

A Comparative Study of Directly Injected, Spark Ignition Engine Combustion and Energy Transfer with Natural Gas, Gasoline, and Charge Dilution

Kar¹,

Zhou²,

Brear³

et al. 2022

SAE Int. J. Fuels Lubr.

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“…These three studies focused on developing the injection method for engine performance without discussing the control system during deceleration. Furthermore, Geok [19], Muhssen [20], and Kar [21] carried out experimental studies on ways to achieve AFR stoichiometry values for CNG. Kar and Muhssen conducted the AFR stoichiometry approach to optimize the work of CNG engines.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling Fuel Cut Off Controller on CNG Engines Using Fuzzy Logic: A Prototype

Munahar¹,

Setiyo²,

Saudi³

et al. 2022

Int. J. Adv. Sci. Eng. Inf. Technol.

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Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) is an alternative solution to the limited availability of fossil energy. CNG use's advantages include high octane value, applicable to vehicles requiring large power, cost-effectiveness, and lower emissions. However, applying the old CNG kit leaves emission problems and fuel wastage during deceleration. Although numerous studies have been carried out with numerous variables to improve engine performance and emissions, reports regarding deceleration interventions are still limited. Therefore, this study proposes enhanced modeling to optimize the fuel cut-off controller by applying fuzzy logic by controlling the throttle valve position based on the input sensor of the engine. Engine dynamics, fuel characteristics, and intake systems are considered strictly in the development of the control system to obtain more precise results that refer to the complete combustion process. The designed model has advantages over previous studies, which focused on achieving CNG AFR stoichiometry to improve fuel economy by using the fuel cut-off method during deceleration. The results showed that fuel savings could be increased during deceleration by cutting off fuel flow to the engine. This can be seen from the increase in AFR ± 57% and decrease ± 38% -67% in CNG flow rate during deceleration which is promising to be widely applied. In the future, the proposed model could be used as part of the vehicle component in optimizing the fuel consumption that will support green technology sustainability.

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“…Monoxide emission from engines with natural gas fuel can be decreased by methanol and gasoline enrichment. (Kar et al, 2021) [12] Established his study using an engine that is spark ignition using either direct injection gasoline or direct injection natural gas. Three cases or conditions have taken: lean burn, stoichiometric operation with the use of recirculation of exhaust gas, and stoichiometric operation of engine without using external dilution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Using Natural Gas in Internal Combustion Engines

Hamed¹

2022

IJRMEE

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Due to its increasing emissions from combustion of fuels in the internal combustion engines and increasing world concern on global warming problem. It’s a significant issue to use alternative fuels that would be safe for people and the environment. In this article, the previous research's concern on using natural gas is discussed. This research presents the precious studies on the benefits of using natural gas fuel in spark ignition, diesel, and agricultural engines. In addition to modeling focusing on engine parts loads to identify fuel-burning influence. Also presents a former discipline on using hydrogen enrichment to improve fuel efficiency and shows characteristics of using dual fuel in internal combustion engines. The difference between lean combustion and exhaust gas recirculation strategies and produces a comparison between natural gas/methanol and natural gas/gasoline in a dual-fuel engine are reviewed. In addition the comparative study between gasoline and natural gas with a direct injection strategy is presented. Also, this article focus on using natural gas as a fuel with reactive controlled compression ignition (RCCI). It can concluded that using the natural gas fuel is one of the perfect solutions to reduce hydrocarbons emissions and increase the thermal efficiency of fuel combustion and reduce the cost of energy production.

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A comparative study of directly injected, spark ignition engine performance and emissions with natural gas, gasoline and charge dilution

Cited by 17 publications

References 29 publications

A Comparative Study of Directly Injected, Spark Ignition Engine Combustion and Energy Transfer with Natural Gas, Gasoline, and Charge Dilution

A Comparative Study of Directly Injected, Spark Ignition Engine Combustion and Energy Transfer with Natural Gas, Gasoline, and Charge Dilution

Modelling Fuel Cut Off Controller on CNG Engines Using Fuzzy Logic: A Prototype

A Review of Using Natural Gas in Internal Combustion Engines

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