A Comparative Study of Experimental and Theoretical Structural Analysis of Lithium Doped Nickel Oxide Nanoparticles

Abstract

Li(x)Ni(1-x)O (x = 0.01, 0.02 and 0.03) samples were synthesized via sol-gel process. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) confirms the formation of Li(x)Ni(1-x)O (x = 0.01, 0.02 and 0.03) series. Powder X-ray diffraction technique was used for the analysis of crystallite properties. The mean crystallite size using Scherrer’s Method has been found to be 21.66 nm, 20.09 nm and 19.25 nm for Li(x)Ni(1-x)O (0.01, 0.02 and 0.03) respectively, which is a rough estimate. To inspect the impact of strain induced in Li(x)Ni(1-x)O further analysis has been done. Willamson Hall Plot-Uniform Deformation Model (WH-UDM), Size-Strain (SSP) and Halder-Wagner Plot (H-W) Models were applied to determine physical and microstructural parameters i.e. crystallite size and lattice strain of Li(x)Ni(1-x)O (x = 1%, 2% and 3%) using X-ray powder diffraction analysis. The morphology of Li(x)Ni(1-x)O (x = 1%, 2% and 3%) has been analyzed by High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscope (HRTEM). The outcomes of estimated mean crystallite size determined by Scherrer’s Method, WH-UDM Plot, SSP and W-H models were compared with morphologically investigated crystallite size via TEM analysis.

Photocatalytic activity of polyaniline‐potassium doped nickel oxide nanocomposites: A comprehensive investigation on multifaceted properties

“…nanofibers (estimated average length 337 nm and thickness 124 nm) structured FE-SEM graph whereas KNO (Figure 4b) showed agglomerated particles within reduced-sized irregular spherical shapes (estimated average particle size 35 nm). 40,68 In the composites of PANI/ KNO (Figure 4c,d), KNP4 graphs showed the presence of both reduced-sized irregular spherical shapes as well as reduced-sized nanofibers. The reduction of size and presence of both morphological structures was due to the agglomeration of PANI with KNO that occurs because of the interaction between N H groups of PANI and KNO or coordination bond.…”

“…43,59,76,77 KNO showed (i) first weight loss at 50 C because of water molecules evaporation, (ii) second weight loss from 262 to 550 C occurs because of impurities or adsorbent removal (iii) third weight loss from 550 C was because of thermal decomposition associated with oxygen loss, defects creation, and formation & enhancement of oxygen vacancy. 40,43,78 The final residual of KNO at 800 C is 92.60%, showing the most stable thermogram because KNO was calcinated at 400 C for 2 h, thus no hydroxide group was left. PANI showed (i) first weight loss at 60 C due to the evaporation of physically adsorbed water molecules, (ii) second weight loss between 262 and 549 C occurs due to the degradation of the polymeric chain, and (iii) third weight loss occurs from 549 C due to dopant molecules removal from the polymer structure.…”

“…36,[55][56][57] PANI (Figure 2a) broad peaks (characteristics peaks) were observed at 15.05 , 20.59 , and 25.25 (2θ angles) in accordance with already reported results. 37,38,40,58,59 The XRD micrograph of composites revealed the increased intensities of KNO peaks with an increased amount of KNO in PANI. The humps of PANI and peaks of KNO appeared in the XRD pattern of the respective composite (Figure 2) without any additional peaks, which confirmed the interfacial interaction between PANI and the respective KNO.…”

“…Despite these variations, the consistent interplanar spacing values across all samples emphasize the robustness of the NiO crystal lattice, indicating minimal disruption to the long-range order of atomic arrangements. 40,62,63 4.2 | Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy FTIR investigates the functional group of the synthesized material (Figure 3). The characteristic absorption bands of PANI (Figure 3a) are between 600 and650 cm À1 (C H out of plane bending vibration and para-distributed benzene rings), 1100 and 1200 cm À1 (C H bending vibration), 1300 and 1350 cm À1 (C N stretching vibration), 1600 and 1650 cm À1 (C O stretching vibration), 2950 and 3300 cm À1 (aromatic N H stretching vibration), and 3400 and3500 cm À1 (N H stretching vibration).…”

“…[34][35][36] These nanocomposites exhibit a combination of properties like conductivity, electrochemical, electro-optical, and so on, and are used in applications like electromagnetic interference shielding, electrostatic discharge systems, electrochromic devices, batteries, light-emitting diodes, chemical, and biochemical sensors. [37][38][39][40][41] The versatile way of synthesizing conducting polymer-metal composite is the in situ chemical oxidation polymerization that allows the formation of nanoparticles of nanocomposites in the interior of the conducting polymer matrix. 38,42,43 The textile water waste pollutants came from dyeing and finishing processes from wide range of chemicals and dyeing stuffs that are organic compounds having complex structures.…”